Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immunologic reaction to an inhaled antigen, with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. The most common manifestations are fever, cough, and dyspnea. We describe a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis with marked alveolar lymphocytosis; the patient presented with respiratory failure and shock requiring mechanical ventilation and vasopressive agents. We hypothesized that immune mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis were responsible for the transient shock observed in this patient.
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