Mono-chemotherapy with gemcitabine (difluorodeoxycytidine) is an effective cancer chemotherapy, and is often used instead of a more effective but more toxic combination chemotherapy regimen. Infection associated with gemcitabine is very rare. We present a case of Cryptococcus neoformans pneumonia that developed after 5 courses of gemcitabine for advanced bladder carcinoma. Lung biopsy and antigens demonstrated C. neoformans. The pneumonia resolved after antifungal therapy.
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