Electroacupuncture (EA) has been clinically utilized to manage interstitial cystitis (IC), but its related mechanism research is remained to be researched. This study aimed to explore the role of EA in inhibiting the inflammatory response of IC rats, and research the possible mechanism based on the changes of urodynamics, mast cell tryptase expression and the content of inflammatory substances.
Methods
EA (continuous wave, 30 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to stimulate the Ciliao point (BL32) and the Huiyang point (BL35) of rats. Changes of urodynamics, mast cell tryptase expression and the content of IL-6 and TNF-? were detected after 24 hours of the treatment.
Results
The results showed that after EA treatment, compared with the model group, the initial urination time of the rats was prolonged (3.23 ± 0.60 to 5.27 ± 0.27 min), the bladder capacity was increased (0.80 ± 0.15 to 1.31 ± 0.07 ml), and the degree of bladder mucosal damage was restored. The expression of mast cell tryptase, and the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in its bladder tissue and urine were reduced.
Conclusion
These findings suggested that EA could suppress bladder overactivity and inhibit inflammatory response of IC rats, and its mechanism was proved to be related to the inhibition of mast cell degranulation and the down-regulation of inflammatory substances IL-6 and TNF-α in bladder tissue.
LeeMHChangKMTsai WCh. Morbidity rate and medical utilization in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome[J]. Int Urogynecol J. Vol. 29, pp. 1045–1050, 2018.
2.
Hanno P, LinANordlingJ. Bladder Pain Syndrome Committee of the International Consultation on Incontinence[J]. Neurourol Urodyn. Vol. 29, pp. 191–198, 2010.
3.
RosamiliaADwyerP L, DwyeraP L.Pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis[J]. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. Vol.12, pp. 405–410, 2000.
4.
Hanno PM, EricksonDMoldwinR. Diagnosis and treatment of interstitialcystitis/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment[J]. J Urol. Vol. 193(5), pp. 1545–1553, 2015.
5.
BerrySHElliottMNSuttorpM. Prevalence of symptoms of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis among adult females in the United States[J]. J Ur-ol. vol. 2011,186, pp. 540–544, 2011
6.
Cepeda M Soledad, RepsJenna, Sena AnthonyG. Risk Factors for Interstitial Cystitis in the General Population and in Individuals with Depression[J]. Int Neurourol J. Vol. 23, pp. 40–45, 2019.
7.
WuZLLiYLiuQG. E. coli Pyroptosis engagement and bladder urothelial cell-derived exosomes recruit mast cells and induce barrier dysfunction of bladder urothelium after uropathogenic infection. [J] Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. Vol. 317, pp. C544–C555, 2019.
8.
SchwartzLBAustenKFEnzymes of the mast cell granules[J]. J Invest Dermatol. Vol. 74, pp. 349–353, 1980.
9.
WangXLiuWJO'DonnellM, . Evidence for the Role of Mast Cells in Cystitis Associated Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain Research Network Animal Model Study[J]. PLoS ONE. Vol. 11, pp. e0168772, 2016.
10.
LazzeriMHurleRCasaleP. Managing chronic bladder diseases with the administration of exogenous glycosaminoglycans:an update on the evidence[J]. Ter Adv Urol. Vol. 8(2), pp. 91–99, 2016.
11.
DinhQTCryerADinhS. Protease-activated receptor 2 expression in trigeminal neurons innervating the rat nasal mucosa[J]. Neuropeptides. Vol. 39(5):461466, 2005.
12.
HommaYAkiyamaYTomoeH. Clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome [J]. Int. J. Urol. doi: 10.1111/iju.14234, 2020.
13.
Oh-Oka H. Clinical efficacy of 1-year intensive systematic dietary manipulation as complementary and alternative medicine therapies on female patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Urology. Vol. 106, pp. 50–54, 2017.
14.
BogartLMSuttorpMJElliottMN. Validation of a Quality of Life Scale for Women with Bladder Pain Syndrome /Interstitial Cystitis[J]. Qual Life Re. Vol. 21(9), pp. 1665–1670, 2012.
15.
RuanXClarkeRCDrugAD.Multimodal nociceptive mechanisms underlying chronic pelvic pain[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Vol. 215(1), pp. 132, 2016.
16.
LeeHJLeeJHLeeEO. SubstancePand beta-endorphin mediate electroacupuncture induced analgesia in mouse cancer pain model[J]. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 2009, 28(1)102.
17.
JianCHengH, XiaoD. Expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in ischemic rat brain after electroacupuncture stimulation[J]. Acupuncture & electro-therapeutics research. 2003, 28 (3-4):157.
CeccherelliFGagliardiGCasaleR. The role of the intensity of low frequency electroacupuncture stimulation on the modulation of capsaicin-induced edema in the rat paw. A blind controlled study[J]. Acupuncture & electro-therapeutics research. 2008, 33 (3-4):157-167 (11).
20.
MinZHuX., ChenX., . Clinical Observation of Electroacupuncture Combined with Bladder Irrigation for Bladder Pain Syndrome[J]. Shanghai J Acumox. Vol. 39(2), pp. 192–195, 2020.
21.
SönmezM., KozanhanB.Complete response to acupuncture therapy in Female patients with refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome[J]. Ginekol Pol. Vol. 88, pp. 61–67, 2017.
22.
MiJPChenXYLinXY. Treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis via acupuncture at the sphenopalatine acupoint: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Trials. Vol. 19, pp. 28, 2018.
23.
XuYHongSHZhaoX. Acupuncture Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Immune-Network Modulation[J]. Am. J. Chin. Med. Vol. 46, pp. 997–1019, 2018.
24.
TuWZChenXLWuQY. Acupoint application inhibits nerve growth factor and attenuates allergic inflammation in allergic rhinitis model rats[J]. J Inflamm (Lond). Vol. 17, pp. 4, 2020.
25.
HongSHDingSSZhangK. Development of Researches on Cytokine Mechanisms in Analgesia and Anti-inflammation in Acupuncture Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis[J]. Acupunct Res. Vol. 41, pp. 469–473, 2016.
26.
BonKCarolALWilsonSG. Characterization of cyclophosphamidecystitis, a model of visceral and referred pain in the mouseapecies and strain differences[J]. J Urology. Vol. 170, pp. 1008–1012, 2003.
27.
LvYSYaoYSLinME. Interleukin-6 levels in female rats with protamine sulfate-induced chronic cystitis treated with hyaluronic acid[J]. Int J Urol. Vol. 20(10), pp. 1017–1022, 2013.
28.
GuoYCLiZXLinH.Investigation on the relationship among histamine, tryptase and α#-hexosam inidase in the process of mast cell degranulation[J]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. Vol. 25(12), pp. 1073–1075, 2009.
29.
ChoiHWBowenSEMiaoYX. Loss of Bladder Epithelium Induced by Cytolytic Mast Cell Granules[J]. Immunity. Vol. 45, pp. 1258–1269, 2016.
30.
SteadRHDixonMFBramwellNH. Mast cells are closely apposed to nerves in the human gastrointestinalmucosa[J]. Gastroenterology. Vol. 97, pp. 575–585, 1989.
31.
PolanskyJKBahriRDivivierM. High dose CD11c-driven IL15 is sufficient to drive NK cell maturation and anti-tumor activity in a transpresentation independent manner[J]. Sci Rep. Vol. 6, pp. 19699, 2016.
32.
LeungLCahillCM.TNF-a and neuropathic pain-A review[J]. J Neuroinflammation. Vol. 7, pp. 27, 2010.
33.
ZhaoJWangLDongXY. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is activated in human interstitial cystitis (IC) and rat protamine sulfate induced cystitis[J]. Sci Rep. Vol. 6, pp. 19670, 2016.
