Diagnostic value of 8-OHdG,8-iso-PGF2 α and TNF- α levels in blood for early carcinogenesis of erosive oral lichen planus

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Oral cancer has a high worldwide incidence and mortality rate showing an upward trend year by year, predominantly occurring in emerging countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the main types of oral cancer, accounting for more than 90% of all cases in oral cancer.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the diagnostic value of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2 $\alpha$ ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- $\alpha$ as biomarkers in the early carcinogenesis of erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP) by measuring their levels in the blood of patients with EOLP and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

METHODS:

A total of 69 patients were enrolled in this case-control study [including an OSCC group ( $n=$ 23), an EOLP group ( $n=$ 23), and an age- and gender-matched healthy control group ( $n=$ 23)]. Blood levels of 8-OHdG, 8-iso-PGF2 $\alpha$ and TNF- $\alpha$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical differences in these indicators among the three groups were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Plasma levels of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2 $\alpha$ in the OSCC group were significantly higher than those in both the EOLP group and the control group (all $P<$ 0.05); no significant statistical difference was found between the EOLP group and the control group. Serum levels of TNF- $\alpha$ in both the OSCC and EOLP groups were elevated compared with the control group, showing significant differences among all three groups (all $P<$ 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that plasma 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2 $\alpha$ levels and serum TNF- $\alpha$ levels had diagnostic effects on early carcinogenesis in EOLP patients. When these indicators were combined for diagnosis, the diagnostic effect was enhanced, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.819.

CONCLUSION:

8-OHdG, 8-iso-PGF2 $\alpha$ and TNF- $\alpha$ may serve as biological indicators for monitoring the early carcinogenesis of EOLP, and the diagnostic effect was augmented when these indicators were combined.