Relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis: A retrospective study on 3424 subjects

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The extent of the association between vitamin D deficiency and knee osteoarthritis remains inadequately understood.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between vitamin D levels and knee osteoarthritis through a cross-sectional analysis.

METHODS:

This retrospective study involved an analysis of knee radiographs and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH) vitamin D3) levels in a cohort of 3424 individuals (2901 women and 523 men). Knee osteoarthritis severity was evaluated using the Kellgren-Lawrence radiological scoring system.

RESULTS:

Of the participants, 49.2% ( $n=$ 1,683) were diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. Among these patients, the levels of adjusted 25-(OH) vitamin D3 were significantly lower ( $p<$ 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and knee osteoarthritis, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.7 (95% CI: 1.5–2.0; $p<$ 0.001). Notably, a stronger association was observed between vitamin D deficiency and knee osteoarthritis in women under 65 compared to those aged 65 and above.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings of this study indicate a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Maintaining adequate serum 25-(OH) vitamin D3 levels may prevent knee osteoarthritis, especially in women below 65.