Influence of bone density on total hip resurfacing arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head – A radiological analysis

Abstract

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a more progressive disease for which many patients will eventually require total hip arthroplasty. With the advent of improved metal-on-metal prostheses, total hip resurfacing arthroplasty has emerged as a viable treatment option. However, it remains controversial whether this procedure should be used in patients with osteonecrosis when the femoral resurfacing component is implanted onto non-vital bone. In this study the bone mineral density (BMD) of osteonecrotic femoral heads were compared with the BMD of osteoarthrotic femoral heads. The purpose of this study was to analyse the differences between these two groups to gather information that may be useful in predicting the outcome of total hip resurfacing arthroplasty in cases of severe osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The femoral heads were classified according to the ARCO classification using MRI. For DEXA analysis the femoral heads were subdivided into three regions: the cranial femoral head (R1), the caudal femoral head (R2), and the proximal femoral neck (R3). In R3, BMD in osteonecrotic femoral heads was significantly lower than in those with osteoarthrosis and in R2 it was significantly higher. It can be assumed that a higher BMD in the caudal femoral head (R2) is caused by a "reactive interface" that occurred in this region especially in ARCO IV femoral heads. This fact, the lower BMD in the proximal femoral neck (R3) and the individual expansion of the osteonecrotic region should be considered when planning resurfacing arthroplasty for femoral head necrosis.