The impact of breathing pattern and rate on inspiratory muscles activity

Abstract

Different rehabilitation programs are used to relieve dyspnea for hyper-inflated lung patients. In this study, a new approach, based on integrated changes in respiratory rate and pattern, for inspiratory muscles rehabilitation and training was examined utilizing noninvasive measurements of the two inspiratory muscles (rib cage inspiratory and neck inspiratory muscles) activity during controlled breathing in healthy subjects. Muscles activity was measured using electromyography, while subjects, breathed at different combinations of respiratory rate (6, 10, 16 breath per minutes) and inspiratory duty cycles (TI/Ttot). The results clearly show that both muscles were most active at the lowest evaluated respiratory rate, and that alteration of the duty cycle at the lowest rate significantly ( $p<$ 0.05) changes their electrical activity. Breathing at low respiratory rate RR is recommended for hyper-inflated lung patients in order to improve their gas exchange, therefore, it is recommended for these patients to find their most effective combination of RR and TI/Ttot and to use control breathing to practice their breath at optimum combination.