Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

What distinguishes revolution from evolution? What events or movements in the world of official statistics have been sufficiently disruptive or transformational to deserve being called revolutionary? Using the definitions of data revolution put forward by the Independent Expert Advisory Group on a Data Revolution for Sustainable Development in their report A World that Counts to identify potential data revolutions and then deriving a framework to evaluate those definitions from Thomas Kuhn’s work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, this paper investigates, through the lens of official statistics, whether there has been a data revolution or not.

Keywords

Open data public good datacratic ethical frontier New Global Data Deal

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

United Nations (2013). ‘A New Global Partnership: Eradicate poverty and transform economies through sustainable development – The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda’. Available at: http://www.post2015hlp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/UN-Report.pdf [last accessed: 20.03.2017].

Association of Chartered Certified Accountants/Institute of Management Accountants (2015). The Data Revolution. Available at: https://www.imanet.org/-/media/3cc5e7215529457a8dc3816c81452d95.ashx [Last accessed 01.11.2019].

United Nations System (2015). Conclusions of the High-level Committee on Management at its twenty-ninth session (UNESCO headquarters, Paris, 19 and 20 March 2015). Chief Executives Board for Coordination CEB/2015/3. Available at: https://www.unsceb.org/CEBPublicFiles/CEB_2015_3%20%28HLCM%2029%29.pdf [last accessed: 01.04.2020].

PARIS21 (2017). Informing a Data Revolution – video. Available at: https://paris21.org/informing-data-revolution-idr [last accessed: 30.10.2019].

United Nations (2018). Statistical Commission Report on the forty-ninth session (6–9 March 2018). Economic and Social Council, Official Records, 2018. Supplement No. 4. Doc. E/2018/24-E/CN.3/2018/37. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/49th-session/documents/Report-on-the-49th-session-E.pdf [last accessed: 30.10.2019].

Mohammed

A.J.

(2018). Opening Remarks – World Data Forum, Dubai. 22 October, 2018. UN Web TV. Available at: http://webtv.un.org/search/deputy-secretary-general-opens-the-world-data-forum/5852039006001/?term=Data%20Revolution&page=11 [last accessed: 30.10.2019].

Fritz

See

Carlson

Haklay

Oliver

J.L.

Fraisl

Mondardini

Brocklehurst

Shanley

L.A.

Schade

When

Abrate

Anstee

Arnold

Billot

Campbell

Espey

Gold

Hager

Hepburn

Hsu

Long

Masó

McCallum

Muniafu

Moorthy

Obersteiner

Parker

A.J.

Weissplug

West

(2019). Citizen science and the united nations sustainable development goals. Nature Sustainability, 2, 922–930.

Radermacher

W.J.

(2019). Governing by the Numbers: Reflections on the future of official statistics in a digital and globalised society. Statistical Journal of the International Association of Official Statistics, 35(4), 519–537.

United Nations Statistics Commission (2020). Review of Implementation of Data Revolution. Prepared by the United Nations Statistics Division for the High-Level Group for Partnership, Coordination and Capacity-Building for statistics for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (HLG-PCCB). Background document Item 3 (a), Statistical Commission, fifty-first session, 3–6 March 2020. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/51st-session/documents/BG-Item3a_Review-of-Implementation-of-Data-Revolution-E.pdf [Last accessed: 24.02.2020].

10.

Independent Expert Advisory Group on a Data Revolution for Sustainable Development (2014). A World That Counts: Mobilising the Data Revolution for Sustainable Development. Report prepared at the request of the United Nations Secretary-General. Available at: http://www.undatarevolution.org/report/ [last accessed: 20.03.2017].

11.

Kuhn

(1962). Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 50

{}^{\text{th}}

Anniversary Edition (2012). University of Chicago. Chicago.

12.

Melamed

(2014). The data revolution is coming and it will unlock the corridors of power. The Guardian, 1 October, 2014. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2014/oct/01/data-revolution-development-united-nations [last accessed: 24.04.2017].

13.

Jerven

(2014). ‘The problem with the data revolution in four Venn diagrams’. The Guradian, 17 December, 2014. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/dec/17/data-revolution-limitations-in-images [last accessed: 24.04.2017].

14.

Weigand

(2009). ‘The Social Data Revolution(s)’. Harvard Business Review, May 20, 2009. Available at: https://hbr.org/2009/05/the-social-data-revolution.html [last accessed: 24.04. 2017].

15.

Ooman

(2010). You Say You Want a Data Revolution! Center for Global Development – Global Health Policy Blog. Available at: https://www.cgdev.org/blog/you-say-you-want-data-revolution [last accessed: 24.05.2017].

16.

Scotten

D.W.

(1961). Marketing adjustment to the environment. Bureau of Business Management, College of Commerce and Business Administration of the University of Illinois.

17.

Allardt

Littunen

(Ed) (1964). Cleavages, ideologies and party systems; contributions to comparative political sociology. Transactions of the Westermarck Society, Volume 10. University of Michigan, USA.

18.

Halina

J.W.

(1966). Data transmission – current trends and future prospects. Electrical Communication – The Technical Journal of the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, 41(2), 177–195.

19.

Mackenzie

W.J.M.

(1971). The Study of Political Science Today: Studies in Comparative Politics. The Macmillan Press Ltd, London and Basingstoke.

20.

Deutsch

K.W.

(1970). The Impact of Complex Data Bases on the Social Sciences. In Bisco

R.L.

(Ed) Data Bases, Computers, and the Social Sciences, pp. 19–41. Wiley-Interscience, New York.

21.

Heim

K.M.

(1982). Data libraries for the social sciences – introduction. Library Trends, 30(3), 321–325. Winter 1982. University of Illinois.

22.

Russet

(2005). Four Methods and Five Revolutions, in Mintz, A. and Russett, B. (Eds.). New Directions for International Relations: Confronting the Method of Analysis Problem. Lexington Books, Oxford.

23.

Lebada

A.M.

(2016). Member states, statisticians address SDG monitoring requirements; available at: http://sdg.iisd.org/news/member-statesstatisticians-address-sdg-monitoring-requirements/?rdr=sd.iisd.org [last accessed: 07.04.2016].

24.

Harari

Y.N.

(2019). INTERVIEW/Yuval Noah Harari: Mankind still has time to stop rule by computer algorithms. The Asahi Shimbun. October 4, 2019. Available at: http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201910040015.html [last accessed: 04.04.2020].

25.

MacFeely

Nastav

(2019). You say you want a (data) revolution? Statistical Journal of the International Association of Official Statistics, 35(3), 309–327.

26.

MacMillan (2017). Data Revolution – Definition. MacMillan Crowdsourced Open Dictionary. Available at: http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/data-revolution [last accessed: 27.09.2017].

27.

PARIS21 (2015). A Road Map for a Country-led Data Revolution. PARIS21 Secretariat. Available at: https://www1.oecd.org/publications/a-road-map-for-a-country-led-data-revolution-9789264234703-en.htm [last accessed: 30.10.2019].

28.

Hacking

(2012). Introductory Essay’ in Kuhn, T.S. (2012). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions – 50

{}^{\text{th}}

Anniversary Edition. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

29.

Stephens-Davidowitz

(2017). Everybody lies – What the internet can tell us about who we really are. Bloomsbury, London, UK.

30.

Waterford Technologies. (2017). Big Data Statistics & Facts for 2017. Available at: https://www.waterfordtechnologies.com/big-data-interesting-facts/ [last accessed: 20.03.2020].

31.

Goodbody

(2018). Waterford researchers develop new method to store data in DNA. RTE News. Available at: https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2018/0219/941956-dna-data/ [Last accessed: 24.03.2020].

32.

IBM. (2017). 10 Key Marketing Trends for 2017 and Ideas for Exceeding Customer Expectations. IBM Marketing Cloud. Available at: http://anyflip.com/vdoi/wpza/basic [last accessed: 24.03.2020].

33.

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (2011). Using Administrative and Secondary Sources for Official Statistics: A Handbook of Principles and Practices. New York and Geneva, 2011. Available at: https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/Using_Administrative_Sources_Final_for_web.pdf [last accessed: 29.10.2019].

34.

MacFeely

(2018). Big Data and Official Statistics. In Kruger, S. and Kruger, M. (Eds.) in Big Data Governance and Perspectives in Knowledge Management, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, pp. 25–54.

35.

Sangeetha

Sreeja

A.K.

(2015). No science no humans, no new technologies no changes “big data a great revolution”. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, 6(4), 3269–3274.

36.

MacFeely

(2017). Measuring the sustainable development goals: What does it mean for ireland? Administration 65(4), 41–71.

37.

Conan

Valot

(2019). Official statistics are a public good for all. Euractiv, 14 June, 2019. Available at: https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/opinion/la-statistique-officielle-est-un-bien-public-qui-appartient-a-tous/1350058/ [last accessed 05.11.2019].

38.

Jones

Millard

Twigg

(1990). The Right to Know: Government and Information. In Savage, S.P. and Robins, L. Public Policy under Thatcher. MacMillan Education. St. Martin’s Press Inc. New York.

39.

McDermott

(2008). Who Needs to Know? – The State of Public Access to Federal Government Information. Bernan Press, Maryland, USA.

40.

Van Belle

J.P.

(2018). Africa Data Revolution Report 2018 – Status and Emerging Impact of Open Data in Africa. Available at: http://webfoundation.org/docs/2018/10/African-data-revolution-report-brochure-publish.pdf [last accessed: 20.02.2020].

41.

Wilkinson

M.D.

Dumontier

Aalbersberg

Appleton

Axton

Baak

Blomberg

Boiten

Bonino da Silva Santos

Bourne

P.E.

Bouwman

Brookes

A.J.

Clark

Crosas

Dillo

Dumon

Edmunds

Evelo

C.T.

Finkers

Gonzalez-Beltran

Gray

A.J.G.

Groth

Goble

Grethe

J.S.

Heringa

’t Hoen

P.A.C.

Hooft

Kuhn

Kok

Lusher

S.J.

Martone

M.E.

Mons

Packer

A.L.

Persson

Rocca-Serra

Roos

van Schaik

Sansone

Schultes

Sengstag

Slater

Strawn

Swertz

M.A.

Thompson

van der Lei

van Mulligen

Velterop

Waagmeester

Wittenburg

Wolstencroft

Zhao

Mons

(2016). The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Scientific Data, 3. 15 March, 2016. 160018 (2016) doi: 10.1038/sdata.2016.18. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201618#citeas [last accessed: 20.01.2020].

42.

Berry

(2015). The Libre Culture Manifesto. Free Software Magazine. 4 April, 2005. Available at: http://freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/libre_manifesto/ [20.01.2020].

43.

Sen

(2000). Development as Freedom. Anchor Books, New York.

44.

United Nations (2014). The Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics. Resolution 68/261 adopted by the Sixty-eighth session of the General Assembly on 29 January 2014. A/RES/68/261. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/dnss/gp/FP-New-E.pdf [last accessed: 17.01.2020].

45.

Samuelson

P.A.

(1954). The pure theory of public expenditure. Review of Economics and Statistics, 36(4), 387–389.

46.

Stiglitz

J.E.

(1999). Knowledge as a public good. In Kaul, I., Grunberg, I. and Stern, M. (Eds). Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21

{}^{\text{st}}

Century, pp. 308–352. Oxford Scholarship Online. doi: 10.1093/0195130529.001.0001.

47.

Coyle

(2019). Valuing data is tricky but crucial for the public good. Financial Times. November 20, 2019. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/b5bc3762-09f9-11ea-8fb7-8fcec0c3b0f9 [last accessed 17.01.2020].

48.

Warsh

(2006). Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A story of economic discovery. W.W. Norton & Company, New York and London.

49.

Jordan

(2015). Information Politics: Liberation and Exploitation in the Digital Society. Pluto Press, London.

50.

Rolland

(2017). The concept and commodity of official statistics. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 33(2), 373–385.

51.

Froman

Shah

(2020). A Data Revolution for All. Project Syndicate. January 20

{}^{\text{th}}

, 2020. Available at: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/dataorg-relaunch-boosts-social-entrepreneurship-by-michael-froman-and-rajiv-shah-1-2020-01 [last accessed 23.01.2020].

52.

The Economist (2020). Are data more like oils or sunlight? Special Report, February 20

{}^{\text{th}}

, 2020. Available at: https://www.economist.com/special-report/2020/02/20/are-data-more-like-oil-or-sunlight [last accessed: 25.02.2020].

53.

Chignard

(2013). A brief history of Open Data. Paris Innovation Review. 29 March, 2013. Available at: http://parisinnovationreview.com/articles-en/a-brief-history-of-open-data [last accessed 05.11.2019].

54.

Fretwell

(2014). A brief history of open data. FCW, June 09, 2014. Available at: https://fcw.com/articles/2014/06/09/exec-tech-brief-history-of-open-data.aspx [last accessed 05. 11.2019].

55.

European Union (2013). Directive 2013/37/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 amending Directive 2003/98/EC on the re-use of public sector information June. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013L0037&from=FR [last accessed 13.05.2019].

56.

Gray

(2014). Towards a Genealogy of Open Data (September 3, 2014). The paper was given at the General Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research in Glasgow, 3-6th September, 2014. Available at SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2605828 [24.03.2020].

57.

Morozov

(2013). The Meme Hustler: Tim O’Reilly’s crazy talk. The Baffler, No. 22, April 2013. Available at: https://thebaffler.com/salvos/the-meme-hustler [last accessed: 20.02.2020].

58.

HM Government (2012). Open Data White Paper: Unleashing the Potential. Presented to the Parliament by the Minister of State for the Cabinet Office and Paymaster General by command of Her Majesty. June 2012. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/78946/CM8353_acc.pdf [last accessed: 20.01.2010].

59.

Australian Government (2015). Australian Government Public Data Policy Statement. 7th December 2015. Available at: https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/aust_govt_public_data_policy_statement_1.pdf [last accessed: 20. 01.2020].

60.

Government of Philippines (2014): Joint Memorandum Circular 2014-01 (Open Data Philippines). 22 January, 2014. Available at: https://data.gov.ph/about/joint-memorandum-circular-2014-01-open-data-philippines [last accessed 20.01. 2020].

61.

OECD (2019). Open Data Government. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/open-government-data.htm [last accessed: 20.01.2020].

62.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2019b). The Many Faces of Inequality. UNCTAD SDG Pulse. Available at: https://sdgpulse.unctad.org/in-focus-inequality/ [last accessed: 20.01.2020].

63.

Burri

(2017). The governance of data and data flows in trade agreements: The pitfalls of legal adaptation. University of California, Davies, Law Review, 51, 65–132.

64.

Zuboff

(2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism. Public Affairs, New York.

65.

Ibarra

I.A.

Goff

Jiménez Hernández

Lanier

Weyl

E.G.

(2017). Should we treat data as labor? Moving beyond ‘Free’. American Economic Association Papers & Proceedings, 1(1), Forthcoming. December 27, 2017. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3093683 [last accessed 20.01.2020].

66.

Taylor

(2006). The ethics of big data as a public good: which public? Whose good? The Royal Society. Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences. 2016 Dec 28; No. 374. Available at: http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0126 [last accessed: 09.03.2020].

67.

Stepanov

(2020). Introducing a property right over data in the EU: The data producer’s right – an evaluation. Journal of International Review of Law, Computers and Technology, 31(Issue 1), 65–86.

68.

Deichmann

Heineke

Reinbacher

Wee

(2016). Creating a successful Internet of Things data marketplace. McKinsey Digital. October 2016. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/creating-a-successful-internet-of-things-data-marketplace [last accessed: 14.04.2020].

69.

Prendergast

(2018). The next cold war is here, and it’s all about data. Wired. 03 September, 2018. Available at: https://www.wired.com/story/opinion-new-data-cold-war/ [last accessed: 20.01.2020].

70.

Davis

(2017). How statistics lost their power – and why we should fear what comes next. The Guardian, Thursday 19. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jan/19/crisis-of-statistics-big-data-democracy [last accessed: 01. 11.2019].

71.

Citro

(2020). Federal Statistical Agencies Struggle to Maintain Their Vital Role in the U.S. Data Infrastructure – Why and Whence? LinkedIn.Com. April 30, 2020. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/federal-statistical-agencies-struggle-maintain-vital-role-citro/?trackingId=5FNA2FuHQ%2BGX27h1J%2BRj1A%3D%3D [last accessed 12. 06.2020].

72.

Rugaber

(2020). How’s the economy? Fed increasingly turns to private data. The Seattle Times. February 6, 2020. Available at: https://www.seattletimes.com/business/hows-the-economy-fed-increasingly-turns-to-private-data/ [last accessed: 20.02.2020].

73.

Hodson

(2016). Baidu uses millions of users’ location data to make predictions. New Scientist. 20 July, 2016. Available at: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2098206-baidu-uses-millions-of-users-location-data-to-make-predictions/ [last accessed: 20.04.2020].

74.

Open Data Watch (2019). Open Data Inventory 2018/2019 Annual Report – A Progress Report on Open Data. Available at: http://odin.opendatawatch.com/Report/annualReport [last accessed: 16.12.2019].

75.

United Nations (2020a). Data Strategy of the Secretary-General for Action by Everyone, Everywhere: With Insight, Impact and Integrity 2020-22. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/content/datastrategy/images/pdf/UN_SG_Data-Strategy.pdf [last accessed: 22.06.2020].

76.

United Nations (2020b). System-wide Roadmap for Innovating UN Data and Statistics. United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination. CEB/2020/1/Add.1. 14 May 2020. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/unsystem/documents/CEB-Segment2-Roadmap.pdf [last accessed 12. 06.2020].

77.

United Nations (2015). ‘Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ Resolution A/RES/70/1 adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015, 21 October 2015. Available at: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E [last accessed: 20.01.2020].

78.

Boaz

Grayson

Levitt

Solesbury

(2018). Does evidence-based policy work? Learning from the UK experience. Evidence & Policy A Journal of Research Debate and Practice, 4(2), 233–253.

79.

Kotz

(2005). Reflections on early history of official statistics and a modest proposal for global coordination. Journal of Official Statistics, 21(2), 139–144.

80.

Bernstein

P.L.

(1996). Against the Gods: The remarkable story of risk. John Wiley & Sons, NY.

81.

Rostow

W.W.

(1959). The stages of economic growth. The economic history review. Second Series, 12(1), 1–16.

82.

Agar

(2001). Turing and the Universal Machine – The making of the modern computer. Icon Books Ltd. London.

83.

Keynes

J.M.

(1940). How to Pay for the War: A radical plan for the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Macmillan and Co. Ltd. London. Available at: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.499597/page/n1 [last accessed: 16.01.2020].

84.

Lepenies

(2016). The Power of a Single Number: A political History of GDP. Columbia University Press, New York.

85.

Fogel

Fogel.

E.M.

Guglielmo

Grotte

(2013). Political Arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

86.

Lyons

G.M.

(1969). The Uneasy Partnership – Social Science and the Federal Government in the Twentieth Century. Russel Sage Foundation. New York, N.Y.

87.

Karabell

(2014). The Leading Indicators – A short history of the numbers that rule our world. Simon and Schuster, New York.

88.

Masood

(2016). The Great Invention: The story of GDP and the making and unmaking of the modern world. Pegasus Books Ltd, New York.

89.

Patinkin

(1976). Keynes and econometrics: On the interaction between the macroeconomic revolutions of the interwar period. Econometrica, 44(6), 1091–1123.

90.

Muller

J.Z.

(2018). The Tyranny of Metrics. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.

91.

Desrosières

(2010). Words and Numbers: For a Sociology of the Statistical Argument. In, Saetnan, A.R., Lomell, H.M. and Hammer, S. (Eds.) (2010). The Mutual Construction of Statistics and the Society. London: Taylor & Francis Group.

92.

Desrosières

(2003). Managing the Economy In (Eds.) (2003). Porter, T.M. and Ross, D. The Cambridge History of Science – Vol 7: The Modern Social Sciences Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

93.

Soros

(2013). Fallibility, reflexivity, and the human uncertainty principle. Journal of Economic Metholodology, 20(4), 309–329. doi: 10.1080/1350178X.2013.859415.

94.

Tenner, Edward. 2018. The Efficiency Paradox: What Big Data Can’t Do. Alfred A. Knopf.

95.

Lewis

(2003). Moneyball – the art of winning an unfair game. W.W. Norton & Company, New York.

96.

Lohr

(2015). Data-ism: Inside the Big Data Revolution, Oneworld Publications, London.

97.

Casalini

López González

(2019). Trade and Cross-Border Data Flows. OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 220, OECD Publishing, Paris. Available at: doi: 10.1787/b2023a47-en [last accessed: 13.11.2019].

98.

Rogoff

(2019). The High Stakes of the Coming Digital Currency War. Project Syndicate. Nov 11, 2019. Available at: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-battle-for-digital-currency-supremacy-by-kenneth-rogoff-2019-11 [last accessed: 18.11.2019].

99.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2019a). Digital Economy Report 2019 – Value Creation and Capture: Implications for Developing Countries. Available at: https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/der2019_en.pdf [last accessed: 07.01.2020].

100.

Postman

(1986). Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. Penguin Books Ltd. London.

101.

Fukuyama

(2017). The Emergence of a Post Fact World. Project Syndicate. Available at: https://www.project-syndicate.org/onpoint/the-emergence-of-a-post-fact-world-by-francis-fukuyama-2017-01 [last accessed 24.03.2020].

102.

Stiglitz

J.E.

(2019). The End of Neoliberalism and the Rebirth of History. Project Syndicate, November 4, 2019. Available at: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/end-of-neoliberalism-unfettered-markets-fail-by-joseph-e-stiglitz-201911?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=324044c49a-sunday_newsletter_10_11_2019&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8-324044c49a-105505185&mc_cid=324044c49a&mc_eid=8772e9ab0c [last accessed: 13.11.2019].

103.

Davis

(2017). Post Truth: Peak Bullshit and what we can do about it. Abacus, London.

104.

Le Carre

(2020). John le Carre on Brexit: ‘It’s breaking my heart’. The Guardian, Sat 1 Feb, 2020. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/feb/01/john-le-carre-breaking-heart-brexit [last accessed 03.02.2020].

105.

O’Neill

(2016). Weapons of Math Destruction – How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. London: Allen Lane.

106.

Berners-Lee

(2014). Tim Berners-Lee on the Web at 25: the past, present and future. Wired, August 23. Available from: http://www.wired.co.uk/article/tim-berners-lee [last accessed: 24.03.2020].

107.

United Nations (2019b). Report of the Friends of the Chair group on the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics – Note by the Secretary-General. 51

{}^{\text{st}}

session of the Statistical Commission, 3–6 March 2020, New York. Doc. E/CN.3/2020/21. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/51st-session/documents/2020-21-FPOS-E.pdf [last accessed 19.03.2020].

108.

Kirkpatrick

(2010). Facebook’s Zuckerberg Says the Age of Privacy is Over. Available at: https://readwrite.com/2010/01/09/facebooks_zuckerberg_says_the_age_of_privacy_is_ov/ [last accessed: 24.03.2020].

109.

Noyes

(2015). Scott McNealy on privacy: You still don’t have any. PC World. Available at: https://www.pcworld.com/article/2941052/scott-mcnealy-on-privacy-you-still-dont-have-any.html [last accessed: 24.03.2020].

110.

McAfee

(2015). Untitled posting on Facebook. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/officialmcafee/posts/464114187078100:0 [last accessed: 24.03.2020].

111.

Pearson

(2013). Growing Up Digital. Presentation to the OSS Statistics System Seminar Big Data and Statistics New Zealand: A seminar for Statistics NZ staff, Wellington, New Zealand. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRgEMSqcKXA [last accessed: 24.03.2020].

112.

Payton

Claypoole

(2015). Privacy in the Age of Big Data – Recognising the Threats Defending Your Rights and Protecting Your Family. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

113.

Taplin

(2017). Move Fast and Break things – How Facebook, Google and Amazon cornered culture and undermined democracy. New York: Little, Brown and Company.

114.

Lyon

(2001). Surveillance after september 9/11. Sociological Research Online, 6(3), 116–121.

115.

Cozzens

(2020). 19 Countries Track Mobile Location to Fight Covid-19. GPS World, march 26, 2020. Available at: https://www.gpsworld.com/19-countries-track-mobile-locations-to-fight-covid-19/ [last accessed 05.04.2020].

116.

Jones

(2020). Liechtenstein rolls out radical Covid-19 bracelet programme. Financial Times, 16 April, 2020. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/06b7e6f3-a725-4eda-9153-e0af48040e30 [last accessed: 17.04.2020].

117.

Sudhir

(2020). Can Big Data Fight a Pandemic? Yale Insights. April 8, 2020. Available at: https://insights.som.yale.edu/insights/can-big-data-fight-pandemic [last accessed: 23. 04.2020].

118.

Kelion

(2020). Coronavirus: Google reveals travel habits during the pandemic. BBC News. 3 April, 2020. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52138076 [last accessed: 04.04.2020].

119.

McGrath

(2020). Google publishes location data on people’s movements during pandemic. RTE News. Friday 3 April, 2020. Available at: https://www.rte.ie/news/coronavirus/2020/0403/1128229-google-location-data/ [last accessed: 04.04.2020].

120.

Doffman

(2020). COVID-19 Phone Location Tracking: Yes, It’s Happening Now – Here’s What You Should Know. Forbes, March 27, 2020. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2020/03/27/covid-19-phone-location-tracking-its-moving-fast-this-is-whats-happening-now/#3c007dc811d3 [last accessed: 05.04.2020].

121.

United Nations Statistics Division and World Bank (2020). Monitoring the state of statistical operations under the COVID-19 Pandemic: Highlights from a global COVID-19 survey of National Statistical Offices. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/covid19-response/covid19-nso-survey-report.pdf [last accessed: 11/06/2020].

122.

Diaz Muñoz

(2020). The Importance of Figures. Société Luxembourgeoise de Statistique. 21 April, 2020. Available at: https://luxstat.lu/opinions/ [last accessed: 11/06/2020].

123.

UNCTAD (2020). COVID-19: Some reflections from a statistical viewpoint. SDG Pulse – 2020. Available from: https://sdgpulse.unctad.org/ [last accessed 01.07.2020].

124.

Cheung

(2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Official Statistics (2) – Is Official Statistics Non-Essential Service? Linkedin. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/impact-covid-19-official-statistics-2-non-essential-paul-cheung/?trackingId=AWBHyvCKQqWOsV4f98T22Q%3D%3D [Last accessed 19.06.2020].

125.

Di Gennaro Splendore

(2020). COVID-19: Unprecedented situation, unprecedented official statistics. Journal of Official Statistics, 36(2), 229–235.

126.

Radermacher

(2020). How Statistics Can Help – Going Beyond COVID-19. Medium.com – Data & Policy. May 18, 2020. Available at: https://medium.com/data-policy/how-statistics-can-help-going-beyond-covid-19-22bb2ce92440 [last accessed: 12.06.2020].

127.

Waters

(2020). Microsoft throws weight behind open data movement. The Financial Times, April 21, 2020. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/661b16ff-f86c-4dad-a557-2e231501bf58 [last accessed: 21.04.2020].

128.

Larsen

(2018). Who needs democracy when you have data? MIT Technology Review. August 20, 2018. Available at: https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/08/20/240293/who-needs-democracy-when-you-have-data/ [last accessed: 15.04.2020].

129.

MacFeely

Dunne

(2014). Joining up public service information: The rationale for a national data infrastructure. Administration, 61(4), 93–107.

130.

Runde

(2017). The Data Revolution in Developing Countries has a long way to go. Forbes, February 25, 2017. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielrunde/2017/02/25/the-data-revolution-in-developing-countries-has-a-long-way-to-go/#4c4b8a561bfc [last accessed: 01.11.2019].

In search of the data revolution: Has the official statistics paradigm shifted?

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References