BACKGROUND: Being highly self-efficacious is a key factor in successful
chronic disease self-management. It is unknown whether neuropsychological rehabilitation
improves self-efficacy in managing the consequences of brain injury.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether levels of general and brain injury
specific self-efficacy and quality of life (QoL) increased after neuropsychological
rehabilitation and whether cognitive performance was associated with self-efficacy.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective clinical cohort study of 62 patients
with acquired brain injury and cognitive complaints with measurements before start and
after completion of treatment. QoL was measured with the visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) of
the EuroQol (EQ-5D); self-efficacy with the TBI Self-efficacy Questionnaire (SEsx) and the
General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES). Cognitive performance was measured as a compound score
of tests for memory, attention and information processing speed.
RESULTS: Self-efficacy for managing brain injury-specific symptoms and QoL
increased significantly after neuropsychological rehabilitation. Both general and brain
injury-specific self-efficacy were positively associated with QoL after completion of the
programme. Cognitive performance was not associated with self-efficacy for managing brain
injury-specific symptoms nor with general self-efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy and QoL improve after treatment. Further research
is needed to identify the specific ingredients responsible for improvement of
self-efficacy in patients with cognitive complaints.
AbenL., Heijenbrok-KalM.
H., PondsR. W. H. M.,
BusschbachJ. J.
V., & RibbersG. M.
(2014) Long-lasting effects of a new memory self-efficacy
training for stroke patients: Arandomized controlled trial.
Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair,
28(3), 199–206 . 10.1177/1545968313478487
2.
AbenL., Heijenbrok-KalM.
H., van
LoonE. M. P., GroetE., PondsR. W. H.
M., BusschbachJ. J. V., &
RibbersG.
M. (2013) Training memory
self-efficacy in the chronic stage after stroke: A randomized controlled
trial. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair,
27(2), 110–117 . 10.1177/1545968312455222
3.
AbenL., PondsR. W. H.
M., Heijenbrok-KalM. H.,
VisserM.
M., BusschbachJ. J. V., &
RibbersG.
M. (2011) Memory complaints in
chronic stroke patients are predicted by memory self-efficacy rather than memory
capacity. Cerebrovascular Diseases,
31(6),
566–572.
4.
BanduraA.
(1997) Self-efficacy: The exercise of
control. New york: W.H.
Freeman and Company.
5.
BosscherR.
J., SmitJ. H., &
KempenG. I. J.
M. (1997) Expectations of
general self-efficacy in elderly persons: Investigating psychometric charachteristics of
the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de
Psychologie, 52,
239–248.
6.
BrandsI., KohlerS., StapertS., WadeD.,
& van
HeugtenC. (2014)
Influence of self-efficacy and coping on quality of life and social
participation after acquired brain injury: A 1-year follow-up study.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 95(12),
2327–2334 . 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.06.006
7.
BrandsI., KöhlerS., StapertS., WadeD.,
& van
HeugtenC. (2014)
How flexible is coping after acquired brain injury? A 1-year prospective
study investigating coping patterns and influence of self-efficacy, executive
functioning and self-awareness. Journal of Rehabilitation
Medicine, 46(9),
869–875 . 10.2340/16501977-1849
8.
BrandsI.
M., WadeD. T., StapertS.
Z., & van
HeugtenC. M. (2012)
The adaptation process following acute onset disability: An interactive
two-dimensional approach applied to acquired brain injury.
Clinical Rehabilitation, 26(9),
840–852 . 10.1177/0269215511432018
9.
BrandsI. M.
H., BouwensS. F. M.,
Wolters
GregórioG., StapertS.
Z., & van
HeugtenC. M. (2013)
Effectiveness of a process- oriented patient-tailored outpatient
neuropsychological rehabilitation programme for patients in the chronic phase after
ABI. Neuropsychological Rehablitation,
23(2), 202–215 . 10.1080/09602011.2012.734039
10.
BrooksR.
(1996) EuroQol: The current state of play.
Health Policy, 37(1),
53–72.
11.
CiceroneK.
D., & AzulayJ.
(2007) Perceived self-efficacy and life satisfaction after
traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil,
22(5), 257–266 . 10.1097/01.HTR.0000290970.56130.81
[pii]
12.
CiceroneK.
D., LangenbahnD. M.,
BradenC., MalecJ.
F., KalmarK., FraasM., …& AshmanT.
(2011) Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review
of the literature from 2003 through 2008. Archives of Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation, 92(4),
519–530 . 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.11.015
13.
DriverS., IrwinK., WoolseyA., &
PawlowskiJ.
(2012) Creating an effective physical activity-based health
promotion programme for adults with a brain injury. Brain
Injury, 26(12),
1482–1492 . 10.3109/02699052.2012.694568
14.
DriverS., &
WoolseyA.
(2016) Evaluation of a physical activity behavior change
program for individuals with a brain injury. Arch Phys Med
Rehabil, 97(9S),
S194–200. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.06.023
15.
DumontC., GervaisM., FougeyrollasP., &
BertrandR.
(2004) Toward an explanatory model of social participation
for adults with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma
Rehabil, 19(6),
431–444.
16.
EuroQuolG.
(1990) EuroQol - a new facility for the measurement of
health-related quality of life. Health Policy,
16(3),
199–208.
17.
JohnstonM., BonettiD., JoiceS., PollardB., MorrisonV., FrancisJ.
J., & MacWalterR.
(2007) Recovery from disability after stroke as a target for
a behavioural intervention: Results of a randomized controlled trial.
Disability & Rehabilitation,
29(14), 1117–1127 .
10.1080/03323310600950411
18.
JonesF., MandyA., & PartridgeC.
(2009) Changing self-efficacy in individuals following a
first time stroke: Preliminary study of a novel self-management
intervention. Clin Rehabil,
23(6), 522–533doi:0269215508101749 [pii] 10.1177/0269215508101749
19.
JonesF., & RiaziA.
(2011) Self-efficacy and self-management after stroke: A
systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation,
33(10), 797–810 .
10.3109/09638288.2010.511415
20.
JongenP.
J., WesnesK., van
GeelB., PopP.,
SchrijverH., VisserL.
H., …& BrandsA. M.
(2015) Does self-efficacy affect cognitive performance in
persons with clinically isolated syndrome and early relapsing remitting multiple
sclerosis?. Mult Scler Int, 2015,
960282. 10.1155/2015/960282
21.
LorigK., & HolmanH.
(2003) Self-management education: History, definition,
outcomes, and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral
Medicine, 26(1),
1–7 .
22.
PrigatanoG.
P. (1999). Principles of
neuropsychological rehabilitation. New York:
Oxford University Press.
23.
ReyA. (1958)
L’examen clinique en psychologie [The clinical examination in
psychology]. Paris:
Presses Universitaires de France.
24.
RutterfordN.
A., & WoodR. L.
(2006) Evaluating a theory of stress and adjustment when
predicting long-term psychosocial outcome after brain injury. J
Int Neuropsychol Soc, 12(3),
359–367.
SatzP., ColeM.
A., HardyD., &
RassovskyY.
(2011) Brain and cognitive reserve: Mediator(s) and
construct validity, a critique. Journal of Clinical and
Experimental Neuropsychology, 33,
121–130.
27.
SheeranP., MakiA.,
MontanaroE., Avishai-YitshakA.,
BryanA., KleinW.
M., …& RothmanA. J.
(2016) The Impact of Changing Attitudes, Norms, and
Self-Efficacy on Health-Related Intentions and Behavior: A
Meta-Analysis. Health Psychol,
35(11), 1178–88. 10.1037/hea0000387
28.
ShererM.
M. (1982) The self-efficacy
scale: Construction and validation. Psychological
Reports, 51(2),
663–671.
29.
SternY. (2002)
What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve
concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological
Society, 8,
448–460.
30.
SternY. (2012)
Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease.
Lancet Neurology, 11,
1006–1012.
31.
StroopJ.
R. (1935) Studies of
interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 18,
643–662.
32.
SzendeA., OppeM.,
& DevlinN.
J. (2007) EQ-5D Value Sets:
Inventory, Comparative Review and User Guide. Dordrecht,
The Netherlands:
Springer.
33.
WarnerG., PackerT., VilleneuveM., AudulvA., &
VersnelJ.
(2015) A systematic review of the effectiveness of stroke
self-management programs for improving function and participation outcomes:
Self-management programs for stroke survivors. Disabil
Rehabil, 37(23),
2141–2163 . 10.3109/09638288.2014.996674
WentinkM.
M., BergerM. A., de KloetA.
J., MeestersJ., BandG.
P., WolterbeekR.,
…&Vliet VlielandT.
P. (2016) The effects of an
8-week computer-based brain training programme on cognitive functioning, QoL and
self-efficacy after stroke. Neuropsychol Rehabil,
26(5-6), 847–865.
10.1080/09602011.2016.1162175
36.
WoodR.
L., & RutterfordN. A.
(2006) Demographic and cognitive predictors of long-term
psychosocial outcome following traumatic brain injury. J Int
Neuropsychol Soc, 12(3),
350–358.
