Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2024-06-17
Understanding complex effects on clinical outcomes and biomarker activities of food supplementation in heavy smokers: an approach using bayesian networks
Antioxidant administration can significantly alleviate smoking-mediated oxidative stress. In our previous research, using a concentrated mixed juice powder led to significant reduction in oxidative status markers and improved lung function among smokers.
OBJECTIVE:
To compare the effectiveness of different antioxidant formulations of the retail product Juice Plus+® on oxidative status and lung function in healthy smokers via a a Bayesian Network (BN) analysis.
METHODS:
At baseline and after 3 months’ supplementation, pulmonary function, cardiovascular risk factors, and oxidative status were assessed in 101 smokers, randomized into three groups: placebo (P), fruit/vegetable (FV), and fruit/vegetable/berry (FVB) group. BN analysis was performed via Monte Carlo simulations. Statistical significance was assigned as p < 0.05.
RESULTS:
No significant interaction was observed in P (network score –101.4, p = ns), whereas overall fit significantly improved in both FV (network score –185.7, p = 0.01) and FVB (–293.7, p = 0.003). Moreover, P group’s respiratory parameters appeared unrelated to the biochemical structure, whereas those of the FV and, to a greater extent, FVB groups were definitely related to it
CONCLUSIONS:
BN analysis demonstrated that the FV and FVB formulations contain nutraceutical compounds capable of synergistically acting and improving antioxidant modulation and respiratory function in smoking subjects
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