Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The applicability of conventional eddy current (EC) testing to detect delamination in laminates of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) was assessed. As delamination impedes the induced currents flowing across the layers, the EC technique offers the potential for delamination in CFRPs to be detected by sensing the change in probe output signals caused by distortions in the magnetic field. In a numerical study, ECs distribution in CFRPs alters considerably in multidirectional and cross-ply laminates and currents drop steeply when delamination is present. In experiments, the detectability of delamination at different depths was investigated using 24-layer laminates, each with different stacking sequences. The change in amplitude of the probe output signal obtained from data agrees qualitatively with the numerical analysis. The size and location of the delamination defect were compared with those obtained in ultrasonic scanning images. Experiments show that delamination at a maximum depth of 0.75 mm in cross-ply samples could be detected, whereas subsurface defects in the unidirectional plate went undetected.

Keywords

Conventional eddy current testing carbon fiber reinforced polymer delamination detection

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Heuer

Schulze

Pooch

and Petrenz

, Review on quality assurance along the cfrp value chain-non-destructive testing of fabrics, preforms and cfrp by hf radio wave techniques, Composites Part B: Engineering 77 (2015), 494–501.

Gerhard

Rolf

and Ole

, Non-destructive characterisation of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics by means of eddy-currents, Composites Science and Technology 61 (2001), 865–873.

, Eddy current techniques for nor-destructive testing of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Manchester, 2012.

Bardl

Nocke

Cherif

and Klein

, Automated detection of yarn orientation in 3d-draped carbon fiber fabrics and preforms from eddy current data, Composites Part B: Engineering 96 (2016), 312–324.

Schulze

M.H.

Heuer

Küttner

and Meyendorf

, High-resolution eddy current sensor system for quality assessment of carbon fiber materials, Microsystem Technologies 16 (2010), 791–797.

Mizukami

Mizutani

Kimura

Sato

and Todoroki

, Detection of in-plane fiber waviness in cross-ply cfrp laminates using layer selectable eddy current method, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 82 (2016), 108–118.

Mizukami

Mizutani

Kimura

Sato

Todoroki

Suzuki

and Nakamura

, Visualization and size estimation of fiber waviness in multidirectional cfrp laminates using eddy current imaging, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 90 (2016), 261–270.

Mizukami

Mizutani

Todoroki

and Suzuki

, Detection of in-plane and out-of-plane fiber waviness in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites using eddy current testing, Composites Part B: Engineering 86 (2016), 84–94.

Y.Z.

Tian

G.Y.

Pan

M.C.

and Chen

D.X.

, Non-destructive testing of low-energy impact in cfrp laminates and interior defects in honeycomb sandwich using scanning pulsed eddy current, Composites Part B: Engineering 59 (2014), 196–203.

10.

Koyama

Hoshikawa

and Hirano

, Investigation of impact damage of carbon fiber reinforced plastic by eddy current nondestructive testing, in: Smart Materials Structures & NDT in Aerospace Conference, 2011.

11.

Gros

X.E.

and Takahashi

, Monitoring delamination growth in cfrp materials using eddy currents, Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation 15 (1998), 65–82.

12.

Cheng

and Tian

G.Y.

, Comparison of nondestructive testing methods on detection of delaminations in composites, Journal of Sensors (2012), 1–7.

13.

Reimche

Duhm

Zwoch

Bernard

and Bach

, Development and qualification of a process-oriented nondestructive test method for weld joints to operate with remote field eddy current technique, Proceedings of 9th ECNDT (2006), 1–13.

14.

Mook

Michel

and Simonin

, Electromagnetic imaging using probe arrays, Journal of Mechanical Engineering 57 (2011), 227–236.

15.

Owston

C.N.

, A high frequency eddy-current, non-destructive testing apparatus with automatic probe positioning suitable for scanning applications, Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 3 (1970), 814–818.

16.

Hughes

Fan

and Dixon

, Near electrical resonance signal enhancement (NERSE) in eddy-current crack detection, NDT & E International 66 (2014), 82–89.

17.

Blodgett

Sathish

and Boehnlein

, Application of resonant frequency eddy current technique on a shot-peened nickel-based engine-grade material, American Institute of Physics: Melville (2007), 1608–1615.

18.

Pratap

and Weldon

, Eddy currents in anisotropic composites applied to pulsed machinery, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 32 (1996), 437–444.

19.

COMSOL Multiphysics Reference Manual.

20.

Qiu

Cheng

and Takagi

, Interlaminar contact resistivity and its influence on eddy currents in carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates, NDT & E International 94 (2018), 79–91.

Detection of delamination in laminated CFRP composites using eddy current testing: Simulation and experimental study

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References