At present, the sampling rate in a wireless sensor network is generally low, which does not meet the requirements for high-speed sensor signal acquisition and detection. To address the shortcomings of wireless sensor networks in terms of the design methods and effects assessment, a high-speed wireless sensor network node was designed based on structural health monitoring. Based on the general framework of a wireless sensor node, combined with the requirement of active health monitoring, a test of screws loosening in a reinforced aluminum plate were conducted. The theory of compressed sensing was used to test the effects of compressed sampling for the high-speed acquisition nodes. The results demonstrated that high-speed wireless sensor nodes could complete active excitation, sampling, and processing of the response signal for the application of active structure monitoring with integrated software and hardware and that the system could distinguish the looseness of the screws in the aviation specimens accurately. The nodes also met the requirements of small size, low cost, and low power consumption. The results of the experiment verified that the hardware and software modules for the high-speed wireless sensor nodes functioned and monitored the structural damage effectively. The system solves many key problems of node design in wireless sensor networks in the industrial field.
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