Recalibrating the Risk-Benefit Profiles of Lecanemab and Donanemab: Scales,Immunoreactivity,and Changes in Amyloid-β 42

Abstract

Three recent anti-amyloid-β antibody trials for Alzheimer’s disease reported similar effect sizes, used non-reactive saline as placebo, and showed large numbers of adverse events including imaging anomalies (ARIA) that correlate with cognitive changes. Conversely, all previous antibody trials were less reactive and pronounced ineffective. We argue that these observations point to unblinding bias, inflating apparent efficacy and thus altering the risk-benefit balance. Further, we highlight data demonstrating that beyond reducing amyloid, monoclonal antibodies increase monomeric amyloid-β₄₂ in cerebrospinal fluid, which may explain potential benefits. We should recalibrate the efficacy of these antibodies and devote more resources into strategies beyond removing amyloid.