Cerebral amyloid angiopathy– related inflammation (CAA-ri) is an aggressive disease subtype of CAA with characteristic clinical and radiological findings. CAA-ri is an important diagnosis to reach in clinical practice, as patients typically respond to prompt immunosuppressive treatment. A definitive diagnosis of CAA-ri still requires a brain biopsy, and hence developing non-invasive diagnostic criteria and biomarkers for this syndrome are key priorities in the field. CAA-ri has gained additional interest for its notable similarities to amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, a complication of immunotherapy treatments in Alzheimer’s disease patients. In this commentary, the current state of biomarkers research for CAA-ri and recently suggested diagnostic criteria are put into context.
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