Value conflicts and policy decision making: Analysis and resolution *

Abstract

The value underpinnings of policy conflict and decision-making are generally recognized as important but given little attention. A perspective on policy-relevant value dimensions is presented which argues that values exist in juxtaposed sets. Emphasis upon one element in the set stresses the other value, causing value conflict and the need for adjustment. Policy makers need to take account of these value conflicts and devise strategies to overcome their potential negating effects. A list of ten strategies is suggested for optimizing policy impact in the fact of multiple and conflicting values.