Prospective evaluation of 4-D contrast-enhanced-ultrasound (CEUS) imaging in bladder tumors

Abstract

PURPOSE:

The evaluation of the potential clinical benefit of four-dimensional ultrasound (4D-US) in the assessment of bladder cancer (BC).

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

20 patients with indication for cystoscopy for suspicion of bladder cancer were prospectively included in this study. All patients underwent two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US), contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and real-time four-dimensional ultrasound (4D-US). All acquisitions were compared to each other in regard to image quality. This assessment was done using a 6 point scale (1 = best). All patients underwent subsequently cystoscopy with resection of the tumor (TURB), due a histopathological analysis was possible.

RESULTS:

All examinations were performed successfully and no patient had to be excluded from the study. Patients acceptance of 4D-US was consistently good. No adverse events occurred. Image quality of real time 4D-US (score: 1.27±0.46) was significantly superior (p < 0.001) to both, conventional 2D-US (score: 2.33±0.62) and also to 2D-CEUS (score: 2.00±0.53). In terms of tumor detection no superiority was evident for 4D-US compared to 2D-US or in utilization of CEUS (sensitivity = 0.89; specificity = 1.00; positive predictive value = 1.00; negative predictive value = 0.50; AUC = 0.944; (95% CI: 07.43–0.998)).

CONCLUSION:

The assessment of bladder cancer using real time 4D-US is feasible and improves the image quality and therefore also the precise anatomical consistency of intravesical tumor masses.