Translation,cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the avoidance endurance behavior questionnaire in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The Avoidance Endurance Questionnaire (AEQ) successfully measures the fear-avoidance and endurance-related responses to chronic pain.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt AEQ into Urdu and assess the reliability and validity of the Urdu version.

METHOD:

For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process, the Beaton Guidelines were followed. A total of 103 participants responded to the Urdu version of the AEQ SF-12, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) at baseline and after 48 hours. The test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure internal consistency. To measure validity, Pearson’s correlation between the subscales of AEQ-Urdu and other outcome measures (SF-12, PCS and NPRS scores) were used ( $p<$ 0.05).

RESULTS:

The mean age of the total 103 participants was 32.7 $\pm$ 10.90 among which 45 (43.6%) were male and 58 (56.3%) were female. The pre-final version of the translated AEQ was tested on 40 Urdu speaking participants and no major changes were made. The Cronbach’s alpha for all subscales of the AEQ-Urdu ranged from 0.848–0.990. AEQ-U showed an excellent test-retest reliability with the ICC ranging from 0.775–0.996. The majority of the subscales of AEQ showed significant ( $p<$ 0.05) positive correlation with pain scales (PCS and NPRS) and negative correlation with the domains of SF-12.

CONCLUSION:

The AEQ-U has reliable and valid construct validity, good internal consistency, and test-retest reliability, indicating that it has adequate psychometric features and can be a useful tool for evaluating pain responses in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.