Turkish adaptation,validity and reliability study of the cognitive behavior questionnaire in non-specific chronic low back pain: CBQNSCLBP Turkish Version Validity and Reliability

Abstract

Background

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a complex condition with significant physical, psychological, and social impacts. The Cognitive Behavior Questionnaire for Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (CBQ-NSCLBP) was developed to assess cognitive-behavioral factors.

Objective

The aim of this study was to translate the CBQ-NSCLBP into Turkish (CBQ-NSCLBP-Tr), evaluate its psychometric properties, and also to assess the clinicometric properties of the instrument, including its validity, reliability, and effectiveness in assessing cognitive-behavioral factors in Turkish-speaking individuals with chronic low back pain.

Methods

A total of 120 participants with CLBP aged 18–65 years were recruited. Construct validity was evaluated by correlating CBQ-NSCLBP-Tr scores with established measures, including the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire(FABQ), Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale(TKS), Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire(Back-PAQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC), and internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's alpha.

Results

The CBQ-NSCLBP-Tr demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.89) and strong internal consistency significant correlations with established measures, such as the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI, r = 0.44) and Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ, r = 0.48). According to these results, the CBQ-NSCLBP-Tr is a reliable instrument for evaluating cognitive-behavioral variables affecting chronic low back pain in Turkish-speaking individuals.

Conclusions

The CBQ-NSCLBP-Tr is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing cognitive-behavioral factors in Turkish-speaking CLBP populations. It captures critical psychological dimensions influencing pain perception and disability, complementing existing measures.

Keywords

cognitive behavior chronic pain low back pain psychometrics validation

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