Developmental dysplasia of the hip and associated risk factors in Saudi children: A retrospective study

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Studies investigating the association between developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and risk factors in Saudi Arabia are rare.

OBJECTIVE:

Investigate the association between DDH and several risk factors among Saudi children.

METHODS:

The medical records of 82 children born in or admitted to King Abdul Aziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with clinical suspicion of hip dislocation (HD) were included. The association between DDH and the following risk factors was investigated: age $<$ 3 y, female-gender, twinning, first-born child, C-section, breech presentation, prematurity, positive family history and presence of associated abnormalities.

RESULTS:

HD was confirmed in 73 (89%) children (Positive HD) and excluded in 9 (11%) children (Negative HD). Eleven (13.4%) children were excluded from the positive cases as it was confirmed that they have paralytic hip dislocation not DDH. DDH was confirmed in 62 children (75.6%). The Chi square test ( ${\chi }^2$ ) and odds ratios (OR) revealed that the positive family history, female-gender, age $<$ 3 years, and presence of associated abnormalities had significant associations with the presence of DDH with $P$ values and OR equal 0.00 (16.4), 0.002 (3.1), 0.005 (2.6), and 0.04 (1.9) respectively. Breech presentation, twinning, first-born children, prematurity, and C-section were not associated with DDH with $P$ values and OR equal 0.93 (1.1), 0.46 (0.4), 0.11 (0.4), 0.08 (0.3), and 0.002 (0.3) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Positive family history, female-gender, age $<$ 3 years, and presence of associated abnormalities had approximately 16, 3, 2.5, and 2 times increased risk for DDH.