Abstract
The skeletal rearrangement of the bicyclo[3.2.1]octane portion of rings C and D of the kaurene and beyerene tetracyclic diterpenoids are reviewed, revealing the tendency of the secondary carbocations to rearrange to tertiary carbocations with the eventual preferential formation of bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes. Under acid-catalysed conditions the variations in the products with the nucleophilicity of the counter ions suggest that the intervention of discrete rather than completely delocalised non-classical carbonium ions may be contributing to the reaction pathway.
Keywords
References
1.
Wagner G.
, and
Brickner W.
, Chem. Ber. , 1899 , 32 , 2307 .
2.
Meerwein H.
, and
van Emster K.
, Chem. Ber. , 1922 , 55 , 2500 .
3.
Hanson J.R.
, The tetracyclic diterpenoids , Pergamon Press , Oxford , 1968 .
4.
Peters R.J.
, Nat. Prod. Rep. , 2010 , 27 , 1521 .
5.
Mander L.N.
, Chem. Rev. , 1992 , 92 , 573 .
6.
Zhu L.
,
Huang S.H.
,
Yu J.
, and
Hong R.
, Tetrahedron Lett. , 2015 , 56 , 23 .
7.
La Bella A.
,
Leonelli F.
,
Migneco L.M.
, and
Bettolo R.M.
, Molecules , 2016 , 21 , 1197 .
8.
Wenkert E.
, Chem. and Ind. (London) , 1955 , 282 .
9.
Roy A.
,
Roberts F.G.
,
Wilderman P.R.
,
Zhou K.
,
Peters R.J.
, and
Coates R.M.
, J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2007 , 129 , 12453 .
10.
Appleton R.A.
,
McAlees A.J.
,
McCormick R.
,
McCrindle R.
, and
Murray R.D.H.
, J. Chem. Soc. (C) , 1966 , 2319 .
11.
Hugel G.
,
Lods L.
,
Mellor J.M.
,
Theobold D.W.
, and
Ourisson G.
, Bull. Soc. Chim. (France) , 1963 , 1974 .
12.
Hugel G.
,
Lods L.
,
Mellor J.M.
, and
Ourisson G.
, Bull. Soc. Chim. (France) , 1965 , 2894 .
13.
Fairlie J.C.
,
McAlees A.J.
,
McCrindle R.
, and
Neidert E.
, Canad. J. Chem. , 1974 , 52 , 706 .
14.
Ungur N.
,
Kileitki Y.
,
Chetraru O.
,
Grinco M.
, and
Vlad P.F.
, Helv. Chim. Acta , 2013 , 96 , 864 .
15.
Coates R.M.
, and
Bertram E.F.
, J. Org. Chem. , 1971 , 36 , 3722 .
16.
For a review, see:
Hanson J.R.
, and
De Oliveira B.H.
, Nat. Prod. Rep. , 1993 , 10 , 301 .
17.
Moons N.
,
de Borggraeve W.
, and
Dehaen W.
, Curr. Org. Chem. , 2012 , 16 , 1986 .
18.
Ceunen S.
, and
Guens J. M
, J. Nat. Prod. , 2013 , 76 , 1201 .
19.
Lohoelter C.
,
Weckbecker M.
, and
Waldvogel S.R.
, Eur. J. Org. Chem , 2013 , 5539 .
20.
Barnes M.F.
, and
MacMillan J.
, J. Chem. Soc. (C) , 1967 , 361 .
21.
Avent A.G.
,
Hanson J.R.
,
Hitchcock P.B.
, and
De Oliveira B. H
, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 , 1990 , 2661 .
22.
Kapadi A.
, and
Dev S.
, Tetrahedron Lett. , 1965 , 1235 .
23.
Hanson J.R.
, Tetrahedron , 1967 , 23 , 793 .
24.
Kitadani M.
,
Kitahara Y
, and
Yoshikoshi A.
, Tetrahedron , 1967 , 23 , 1175 .
25.
Murray R.D.H.
,
Mills R.W.
,
McAlees A.J.
, and
McCrindle R.
, Tetrahedron , 1974 , 30 , 3399 .
26.
Fraga B.M.
,
Garcia-Tellado F.
,
Gonzalez P.
,
Hernandez M.G.
, and
Hanson J.R.
, Tetrahedron , 1992 , 48 , 4891 .
27.
MacMillan J.
, and
Walker E.R.H.
. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 , 1972 , 1274 .
28.
Baker K.M.
,
Briggs L.H.
,
Buchanan J.G. St C.
,
Cambie R.C.
,
Davis B.R.
,
Hayward R.C.
,
Long G.A.S.
, and
Rutledge P.S.
, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 , 1972 , 190 .
29.
Gunn P.A.
,
McCrindle R.
, and
Roy R.G.
, J. Chem. Soc. (C) , 1971 , 1018 .
30.
Garcia-Granados A.
,
Duenas J.
,
Guerrero A.
,
Martinez A.
, and
Parra A.
, J. Nat. Prod. , 1996 , 59 , 124 .
31.
Mori K.
,
Nakahara Y.
, and
Matsui M.
, Tetrahedron , 1972 , 28 , 3217 .
32.
Ghisalberti E.L.
, and
Jefferies P.R.
, Aust. J. Chem. , 1966 , 19 , 1759 .
33.
Sobti R.R.
, and
Dev S.
., Tetrahedron Lett. , 1966 , 3938 .
34.
Hanson J.R.
, Chem. and Ind., (London) , 1964 , 1579 .
35.
McAlees A.J.
,
McCrindle R.
, and
Murphy S.T.
, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 , 1975 , 1641 .
36.
Pegel K.H.
,
Piacenza L.P.L.
,
Phillips L.
, and
Waight E.S.
, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. , 1971 , 1346 .
37.
McAlees A.J.
,
McCrindle R.
, and
Murphy S.T.
J. Chem Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 , 1975 , 861 .
38.
McAlees A.J.
,
McCrindle R.
, and
Murphy S.T.
, J. Chem Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 , 1976 , 1042 .
39.
Appleton R.A.
,
Gunn P.A.
, and
McCrindle R.
, J. Chem. Soc. (C) , 1970 , 1148 .
40.
Duenas J.
,
Garcia-Granados A.
,
Martinez A.
, and
Parra A.
, Tetrahedron , 1994 , 50 , 10761 .
41.
Cheng Y.
,
Zhou W.
, and
Wu H.
, Tetrahedron , 1993 , 49 , 97 .
42.
Fairlie J.C.
,
McCrindle R.
, and
Murray R.D.H.
, J. Chem. Soc. (C) , 1969 , 2115 .
43.
Fujita E.
, and
Ochiai M.
, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 , 1977 , 1182 .
44.
Fujita E.
, and
Ochiai M.
, Canad. J. Chem. , 1978 , 56 , 246 .
45.
Campbell H.M.
,
Gunn P.A.
,
McAlees A.J.
, and
McCrindle R.
, Canad. J. Chem. , 1973 , 51 , 4167 .
46.
Lewis N.J.
, and
MacMillan J.
, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 , 1980 , 1279 .
47.
Nakano T.
,
Spinelli A.C.
,
Martin A.
,
Usubillaga A.
,
McPhail A.T.
, and
Onan K.D.
, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 , 1985 , 1693 .
48.
Nakano T.
,
Martin A.
, and
Usubillaga A.
, J. Nat. Prod. , 1986 , 49 , 62 .
49.
Nakano T.
,
Maillo M.A.
,
Spinelli A.C.
,
Martin A.
, and
Usubillaga A.
, Pure and Appl. Chem. , 1994 , 66 , 2357 .
50.
Nakano T.
,
Maillo M.A.
,
Usubillaga A.
,
McPhail A.T.
, and
McPhail D.R.
, Tetrahedron Lett. , 1991 , 32 , 7667 .
