Abstract
The Skopometer was designed for measuring color, cloudiness, and other optical phenomena of liquids without the necessity of using standards for comparison.
Color is measured in terms of absorption by determining the extinction coefficient of the liquid with the aid of a monochromatic light filter complimentary to its color.
The construction permits measurements of cloudiness by means of several different optical principles. Denser clouds are conveniently measured by determining the height of the column of liquid necessary to extinguish a light image of standardized intensity by means of a target such as a platinized glass disc with a transparent line or design of given dimensions. The target may be used in various ways and illuminated by either incident grazing or transmitted light.
Lighter clouds are measured photometrically by matching the light incident for the target with the light reflected or scattered from the particles in suspension. For very small quantities of liquid the standard target is modified by the cloudiness of a 10 mm. column of the liquid and matched photometrically with cross illumination through the plunger, the visual effect in all cases being that of disappearance of the target.
By means of a standard solution and a complimentary light filter, illumination is standardized by bringing the light of the special lamp to a distance corresponding with the extinction co-efficient.
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