1. Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MBet al.Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy. A consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetologia2006;49:1711–21. and Diabetes Care 2006;29:1963-72.
2.
2. International Diabetes Federation 2005. Clinical Guidelines Task Force. Global guideline for type 2 diabetes. Available from www.idf.org.
3.
3. Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman R.For the UKPDS Group 49. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) GroupJAMA1999;281:2005–12.
4.
4. UKPDS Group 6. Complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and their association with different clinical and biochemical risk factors. Diabetes Res1990;13:1–11.
5.
5. UKPDS Group 34. Effect of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complication in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet1998;352:854–65.
6.
6. Saenz A, Fernandez-Estaban I, Mataix A et al. Metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2006, Issue 3.
7.
7. Nichols GA, Alexander CM, Girman CJet al.Treatment escalation and rise in HbA1c following successful initial metformin therapy. Diabetes Care2006;29(3):504–09.
8.
8. ACE/AACE roadmap for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Available on http://www.aace.com/meetings/consensus/odimplementation/roadmap.pdf
9.
9. Donnelly LA, Doney AS, Hattersley AT, Morris AD, Pearson ER.The effect of obesity on glycaemic response to metformin or sulphonylureas in type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med2006;23:128–33.
10.
10. Ong CR, Molyneux LM, Constantino Met al.. Long-term efficacy of metformin therapy in non-obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care2006;29:2361–64.
11.
11. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil AWet al.. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ2000;321:405–12.
12.
12. Salpeter SR, Greyber E, Pasternak Get al.Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med2003; 163:2595–602.
13.
13. Salpeter SR, Greyber E, Pasternak G et al. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2006, Issue 3.
14.
14. Jones GC, Macklin JP, Alexander WD. Contraindications to the use of metformin. BMJ2003;326:4–5.
15.
15. Holstein A, Stumvoli M.Contraindications can damage your health—is metformin a case in point?Diabetologia2005;48:2454–9.
16.
16. McCormack J, Kevin Johns, Hugh Tildesley Metformin's contraindications should be contraindicated. JAMC2005;173:502–04.