Abstract
A faunistic analysis of sinantropic calliphorids, Chrysomya megacephala and C. albiceps, was carried out in the urban area of Volta Redonda city, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from October 2000 to September 2001. Two traps baited with fresh sardine were used. A total of 4,101 specimens of the genus Chrysomya were collected. The highest abundance of adults occurred between December 2000 and January 2001. Chrysomya megacephala was the most abundant species (57.71%) reaching its highest number in December 2000, followed by C. albiceps (41.94%) with a population peak in January 2001. Chrysomya putoria was also present in some traps but only 14 individuals were collected. Correlations between the presence of these species and the weather variables indicated that the presence of C. megacephala was influenced by rainfall and temperature, while C. albiceps was only affected by rainfall.
The larvae of caliptrade Diptera feed on live tissues, decaying organic matter, and feces being the vertebrate carcasses the main diet for Calliphoridae larvae (Fuller 1934; Hanski 1987). The adult attraction to decaying matter is related to the place for laying eggs and the source of carbohydrates and proteins necessary for sexual maturation and energy supply (Mendes and Linhares 1993). The objective of this manuscript was to describe the abundance changes of adults of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1974) and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) under the influence of climatic conditions in Volta Redonda city, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Specimens of C. megacephala and C. albiceps were sampled from the urban area of Volta Redonda city, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two traps with 100 g of fresh squeezed sardine meat each were used. The bait traps were placed at two meters from the ground and fifty meters from each other; traps were moistened with distilled water every 24 hours and replaced every 72 hours. Adult flies were collected twice a week for a total of 96 samples. The weather variables rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity were recorded from the weather station situated in Volta Redonda city and these data were used to test their relationship with the abundance of both C. megacephala and C. albiceps. The influence of the weather parameters as rainfall, temperature and relative humidity on the abundance of C. megacephala and C. albiceps was tested using Pearson's correlation analysis (SAEG 9.1, Fundação Arthur Bernardes 2007). A total of 4.101 individuals belonging to the genus Chrysomya were collected throughout the sampling period. The most abundant species was C. megacephala (57.71%) followed by C. albiceps (41.94%) and Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830) (0.35%). Chrysomya megacephala and C. albiceps showed the largest abundance between October 2000 and February 2001 representing approximately 90% of the total individuals. This period involved the end of spring and almost the whole summer. During the whole collection period, C. megacephala presented a positive correlation with the rainfall (r = 0.59, P = 0.02) and temperature (r = 0.54, P = 0.03), while C. albiceps was related to rainfall only (r = 0.55, P = 0.03) (Table 1). The relative humidity was not related to abundance of the species, being practically constant during the collecting period. Chrysomya megacephala presented a population peak in December 2000 while C. albiceps presented its population peak in January 2001; however, its abundance remains constant between October 2000 and February 2001. Chrysomya putoria had few individuals collected, which did not allow an appropriated analysis of this species. The low number of Calliphoridae sampled compared to these reported by Carraro and Milward-de-Azevedo (1999), Gomes et al. (1998) and Rodrigues-Guimarães et al. (2001) may be due to the sampling site which was an urban area. Volta Redonda is an important industrial area where geographical and environmental alterations have occurred due to the implantation of industries from the beginning of 1940s and also due to the systematic combat of vector agents of epidemics by the County Department of Sanitary Surveillance. The selective collection of garbage may have influenced the population. However, other studies are necessary to improve the knowledge on population fluctuation of C. megacephala and C. albiceps in tropical urban areas.
Abundance correlations between the individuals of Chrysomya megacephala and C. albiceps and weather parameters.
Significant at P < 0.05
Footnotes
Acknowledgements
We thank the Neuvira Aparecida Rocha, Mansoeto Sabino de Moraes e Danielle Rigotte Silva for technical assistance.