The present study investigated the relationship between the time required for specific tasks (counting and performing squats) in lucid dreams and in the waking state. Five proficient lucid dreamers (26–34 yr. old, M = 29.8, SD = 3.0; one woman and four men) participated. Analysis showed that the time needed for counting in a lucid dream is comparable to the time needed for counting in wakefulness, but motor activities required more time in lucid dreams than in the waking state.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
CohenJ. (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2.
DementW.KleitmanN. (1957) The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: an objective method for the study of dreaming. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 339–346.
3.
ErlacherD.SchredlM.LaBergeS. (2003) Motor area activation during dreamed hand clenching: a pilot study on EEG alpha band. Sleep and Hypnosis, 5, 182–187.
4.
GlaubmanH.LewinI. (1977) REM and dreaming. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44, 929–930.
5.
HallC. S. (1981) Do we dream during sleep? Evidence for the Goblot hypothesis. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 53, 239–246.
6.
HobsonJ. A.StickgoldR. (1995) The conscious state paradigm: a neurocognitive approach to waking, sleeping, and dreaming. In GazzanigaM. S. (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pp. 1373–1389.
7.
LaBergeS. (1985) Lucid dreaming. Los Angeles, CA: Tarcher.
8.
MauryA. (1861) Le sommeil et les reves. Paris: Didier.
9.
MoiseevaN. I. (1975) The characteristics of EEG activity and the subjective estimation of time during dreams of different structure. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 38, 569–577.
10.
RosenlichtN.MaloneyT.FreibergI. (1994) Dream report length is more dependent on arousal level than prior REM duration. Brain Research Bulletin, 34, 99–101.
11.
SchredlM. (2000) Body-mind interaction: dream content and REM sleep physiology. North American Journal of Psychology, 2, 59–70.
12.
TholeyP. (1983) Relation between dream content and eye movements tested by lucid dreams. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 56, 875–878.
13.
TholeyP.UtechtK. (1997) Schöpferisch Träumen: Der Klartraum als Lebenshilfe. (3rd ed.) Eschborn: Klotz.
