Given that gustatory and olfactory impairments occur with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the normal aging process, people aging with HIV may experience considerable chemosensory losses. Declines may place such adults at risk for eating contaminated foods, malnutrition, cognitive complaints, and reduced quality of life. Implications for study and treatment are considered.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BachusM. A. (1998) HIV and the older adult. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 24, 41–46.
2.
Cerf-DucastelB.MurphyC. (2003) fMRI brain activation in response to odors is reduced in primary olfactory areas of elderly subjects. Brain Research, 986, 39–53.
3.
DoniniL. M.SavinaC.CannellaC. (2003) Eating habits and appetite control in the elderly: the anorexia of aging. International Psychogeriatrics, 15, 73–87.
4.
EhrahimR. A.FaridE. M.YousifA.JamsheerA. E. (2002) Microbiological infections in HIV positive Bahraini patients with low CD4+T-lymphocyte count. Journal of Communicable Diseases, 34, 160–170.
5.
FerdonS.MurphyC. (2003) The cerebellum and olfaction in the aging brain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroimage, 20, 12–21.
6.
HealdA. E.PieperC. F.SchiffmanS. S. (1998) Taste and smell complaints in HIV-infected patients. AIDS, 12, 1667–1674.
7.
HeathcockR.McLaughlinJ.NewtonL. H.SoltanpoorN.CokerR.BignardiG.McEvoyM. (1998) Survey of food safety awareness among HIV positive individuals. AIDS Care, 10, 237–241.
8.
HornungD. E.KurtzD. B.BradshawC. B.SeipelD. M.KentP. F.BlairD. C.EmkoP. (1998) The olfactory loss that accompanies an HIV infection. Physiology and Behavior, 64, 549–556.
9.
HughesL. F.McAseyM. E.DonathanC. L.SmithT.ConeyP.StrubleR. G. (2002) Effects of hormone replacement therapy on olfactory sensitivity: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Climacteric, 5, 140–150.
10.
MackK. A.OryM. G. (2003) AIDS and older Americans at the end of the Twentieth Century. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 33, S68–S75.
11.
MattesR. D. (2002) The chemical senses and nutrition in aging: challenging old assumptions. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102, 192–196.
12.
MojetJ.HeidemaJ.Christ-HazelhofE. (2003) Taste perception with age: generic or specific losses in supra-threshold intensities of five taste qualities?Chemical Senses, 28, 397–413.
13.
MuellerC.TemmelA. F.QuintC.RiegerA.HummelT. (2002) Olfactory function in HIV-positive subjects. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 122, 67–71.
14.
MurphyC.DavidsonT. M.JellisonW.AustinS.MathewsW. C.EllisonD. W.SchlotfeldtC. (2000) Sinonasal disease and olfactory impairment in HIV disease: endoscopic sinus surgery and outcome measures. Laryngoscope, 110, 1707–1710.
15.
PetersJ. M.HummelT.KratzschT.LotschJ.SkarkeC.FrolichL. (2003) Olfactory function in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an investigation using psychophysical and electrophysiological techniques. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1995–2002.
16.
PinskyL.DouglasP. H. (1992) The essential HIV treatment fact book. New York: Pocket.
17.
RazaniJ.MurphyC.DavidsonT. M.GrantI.McCutchanA. (1996) Odor sensitivity is impaired in HIV-positive cognitively impaired patients. Physiology and Behavior, 59, 877–881.
18.
SchiffmanS. S. (1983) Taste and smell in disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 308, 1275–1279.
19.
ShipJ. A. (1999) The influence of aging on oral health and consequences for taste and smell. Physiology and Behavior, 66, 209–215.
