As part of community health screenings, the grip strength of 113 independently ambulatory women (M age = 75.2 ± 7.3 yr.) was measured. Norms derived from the measurements are presented and compared with (a) norms reported for similar procedures about 20 years ago and (b) values for disabled women.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AnsteyK. J.LuszczM. A.GilesL. C.AndrewsG. R. (2001) Demographic, health, cognitive, and sensory variables as predictors of morality in very old adults. Psychology and Aging, 16, 3–11.
2.
BasseyE. J.HarriesU. J. (1993) Normal values for handgrip strength in 920 men and women aged over 65 years, and longitudinal changes over 4 years in 620 survivors. Clinical Science, 84, 331–337.
3.
BohannonR. W. (1998) Hand-grip dynamometry provides a valid indication of upper extremity strength impairment in home care patients. Journal of Hand Therapy, 11, 258–260.
4.
BornsteinR. A. (1985) Normative data on selected neuropsychological measures from a nonclinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 651–659.
5.
CrosbyC. A.WehbeM. A. (1994) Hand-strength: normative values. Journal of Hand Surgery, 19A, 665–670.
6.
DaviesC. W. T.JonesD. M.ShearerJ. R. (1984) Hand grip—a simple test for morbidity after fracture of the neck of femur. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 77, 833–836.
7.
ErnstJ. (1988) Language, grip strength, sensory-perceptual, and receptive skills in a normal elderly sample. Clinical Neuropsychology, 2, 30–40.
8.
FessE. E. (1992) Grip strength. In CasanovaJ. S. (Ed.), Clinical assessment recommendations. (2nd ed.) Chicago, IL: American Society of Hand Therapists. Pp. 41–45.
9.
GiampaoliS.FerrucciL.CecchiF.NoceC. L.PoceA.DimaF.SantaquilaniA.VescioM. F.MenottiA. (1999) Hand-grip strength predicts incident disability in non-disabled older men. Age and Ageing, 28, 283–288.
10.
GuoC-B.ZhangW.MaD-Q.ZhangK-H.HuangJ-Q. (1996) Hand grip strength: an indicator of nutritional state and the mix of postoperative complications in patients with oral and maxillofacial cancers. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 34, 325–327.
11.
GuralnikJ. M.FriedL. P.SimonsickE. M.KasperJ. D.LaffertyM. E. (Eds.) (1995) The Women's Health and Aging Study: health and social characteristics of older women with disability. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes on Aging. (NIH Publ. No. 95–4009)
12.
KofflerS. P.ZehlerD. (1985) Normative data for hand dynamometer. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 61, 589–590.
13.
LaukkanenP.HeikkinenE.KauppinenM. (1995) Muscle strength and mobility as predictors of survival in 75-84-year-old people. Age and Ageing, 24, 468–473.
14.
MathiowetzV.KashmanN.VollandG.WeberK.DoweM.RogersS. (1985) Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 66, 69–72.
15.
MitrushinaM. N.BooneK. B.D'EliaL. F. (1999) Handbook of normative data for neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford Univer. Press.
16.
RothsteinJ. M.EchternachJ. L. (1993) Primer on measurement, an introductory guide to measurement issues. Alexandria, VA: American Physical Therapy Association.
17.
SyddallH.CooperC.MartinF.BriggsR.SayerA. A. (2003) Is grip strength a useful single marker of frailty?Age and Ageing, 32, 650–656.