Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

This study examined the effects of length and movements of preshot routines on free throw shooting in basketball. 17 members of an intercollegiate men's basketball team attempted 20 free throws in each of four different conditions: (1) normal routine and time, (2) normal routine with altered time, (3) altered routine with normal time, and (4) altered routine with altered time. Free throw performance was measured using an objective 5-poinr scoring system. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant effect for routine. Neither time nor routine by time was significant. Results indicated that altering the movements in the routine had a significant effect on performance while lengthening the time did not.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Boutcher

S. H.

Crews

D. J.

(1987) The effect of a preshot attentional routine on a well-learned skill. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 18, 30–39.

Boutcher

S. H.

Zinsser

N. W.

(1990) Cardiac deceleration of elite and beginning golfers during putting. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12, 37–47.

Cohn

P. J.

(1990) Preperformance routines in sport: Theoretical support and practical applications. The Sport Psychologist, 4, 301–312.

Crews

D. J.

Boutcher

S. H.

(1986a) Effects of structured preshot behaviors on beginning golf performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 62, 291–294.

Crews

D. J.

Boutcher

S. H.

(1986b) An exploratory observational behavior analysis of professional golfers during competition. Journal of Sport Behavior, 9, 51–58.

Gayton

W. F.

Cielinski

K. L.

Francis-Keniston

W. J.

Hearns

I. F.

(1989) Effects of preshot routine on free-throw shooting. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 68, 317–318.

Kirschenbaum

D. S.

Ordman

A. M.

Tomarken

A. J.

Holtzbauer

(1982) Effects of differential self-monitoring and level of mastery on sports performance: Brain power bowling. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1, 135–141.

Lidor

Arnon

Bronstein

(1999) The effectiveness of learning (cognitive) strategy on free-throw performance in basketball. Applied Research in Coaching and Athletics Annual, 14, 59–72.

Lobmeyer

D. L.

Wasserman

E. A.

(1986) Preliminaries to free throw shooting: Superstitious behavior? Journal of Sport Behavior, 9, 70–78.

10.

Moore

W. E.

(1986) Covert-overt service routines: The effects of a service routine training program on elite tennis players. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Univer. of Virginia, Charlottesville.

11.

Predebon

Docker

S. B.

(1992) Free-throw shooting performance as a function of preshot routines. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 167–171.

12.

Southard

Amos

(1996) Rhythmicity and preperformance ritual: Stabilizing a flexible system. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 288–296.

13.

Southard

Miracle

Landwer

(1989) Ritual and free-throw shooting in basketball. Journal of Sports Sciences, 7, 163–173.

14.

Walker

Nideffer

Boomer

(1977) Diving performance as it is correlated with arousal and concentration time. Swimming Technique, 13, 117–122.

15.

Wallace

S. A.

Hagler

R. W.

(1979) Knowledge of performance and the learning of a closed motor skill. Research Quarterly, 50, 265–271.

16.

Whitehead

Butz

J. W.

Kozar

Vaughn

R. E.

(1996) Stress and performance: An application of Gray's three factor arousal theory to basketball free-throw shooting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 14, 393–401.

17.

Whitehead

Butz

J. W.

Vaughn

R. E.

Kozar

(1996) Implications of Gray's three factor arousal theory for the practice of basketball free-throw shooting. Journal of Sport Behavior, 19, 354–362.

18.

Wrisberg

C. A.

Pein

R. L.

(1992) The preshot interval and free throw shooting accuracy: An exploratory investigation. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 14–23.

Effects of Time and Movements of the Preshot Routine on Free Throw Shooting

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References