11 experienced black-belt subjects were individually timed on each of the five Heian kata and then timed again when performing as part of a group. The pull of the group had a significant effect upon timing on two of the kata.
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References
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LaytonC.RandallM.A Shotokan Karate book of facts. Vol. II. London: Shoto Publ., 1997. Pp. 95–98.
