Video Modeling and Imaging Training on Performance of Tennis Service of 9- to 12-Year-Old Children

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to analyze, in a pilot study, the effects of video modeling and imagery training over 24 weeks on tennis service performance. Three groups of 9- to 12-yr.-old tennis players participated: (a) a physical practice group, who received physical training, (b) a physical practice + video group who received physical training plus watched a video modeling mental training, and (c) a physical practice + video + imagery group who received physical training plus video modeling and imagery mental training. The results for the intragroup pre-posttest comparisons showed that tennis performance did not significantly improve for the physical training group. The groups given mental training showed improvement from pre- to postintervention. Finally, the posttest comparison between groups indicated that diere were significant differences between the group given physical training only compared to the groups given mental training but that the latter two did not differ significantly from each other.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Atienza

F. L.

Balaguer

(1994) La practica imaginada [Imagery]. In Balaguer

(Ed.), Entrenamiento psicológico en el deporte [Mental training in sport]. Valencia: Albatros Educación. Pp. 277–306.

Atienza

F. L.

Balaguer

Garcia-Merita

M. L.

(in press) Aplicación de un programa de entrenamiento en practica imaginada en tenistas orientados a la alta competición [Imagery training program for tennis players oriented toward high level competition]. Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte.

Avery

Richardson

Jackson

(1979) A practical tennis serve test: Measurement of skill under simulated game condition. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 50, 554–564.

Bandura

(1969) Principles of behavior modification. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bandura

(1977) Social learning theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

Chevalier

Monnier

Auger

(1995) L'image visuelle des mouvements corporels de l'enfant de six ans [The visual image of body movements in the 6-year-old child]. STAPS Journal, 36, 57–66.

Cuadras

Echevarría

Mateo

Sanchez

(1988) Fundamentos de estadística [Grounds of stadistics]. Barcelona: Promociones Publicaciones Universitarias.

Dowrick

P. W.

(Ed.) (1991) Practical guide to using video in the behavioral sciences. New York: Wiley.

Dowrick

P. W.

Jesdale

D. C.

(1991) Modeling. In Dowrick

P. W.

(Ed.), Practical guide to using video in the behavioral sciences. New York: Wiley. Pp. 64–76.

10.

Franks

Maile

L. J.

(1991) The use of video in sport skill acquisition. In Dowrick

P. W.

(Ed.), Practical guide to using video in the behavioral sciences. New York: Wiley. Pp. 231–243.

11.

Gould

Roberts

(1982) Modeling and motor skill acquisition. Quest, 33, 214–230.

12.

Huck

(1974) Reading statistics and research. New York: Harper & Row.

13.

Kosslyn

S. M.

Margous

J. A.

Barrett

A. M.

Goldknopf

E. J.

Daly

P. F.

(1990) Age differences in imagery abilities. Child Development, 61, 995–1010.

14.

Levin

J. R.

McCabe

R. E.

Bender

B. G.

(1975) A note on imagery-inducing motor activity in young children. Child Development, 46, 263–266.

15.

Li-Wei

Qi-Wei

Orlick

Zitzelsberger

(1992) The effect of mental imagery training on performance enhancement with 7–10-year-old children. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 230–241.

16.

Marmor

G. S.

(1977) Mental rotation and number conservation: Are they related? Developmental Psychology, 13, 320–325.

17.

McAuley

(1985) Modeling and self-efficacy: A test of Bandura's model. Journal of Sport Psychology. 7, 283–295.

18.

McCullagh

(1986) Model status as a determinant of observational learning and performance. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 319–331.

19.

Orlick

(1990) Sport psychology throughout the athletic career. In Giam

C. K.

Chook

K. K.

Teh

K. C.

(Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th ISSP Conference on Sport Psychology. Singapore: Singapore Sports Counsel. Pp. 24–28.

20.

Orlick

McCaffrey

(1991) Mental training with children for sport and life. The Sport Psychologist, 5, 322–334.

21.

Partington

(1990) Personal knowledge in imagery: Implications for novice gymnasts, figure skaters and their coaches. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Canadian Society for Psycho-Motor Learning and Sport Psychology, Windsor, ON.

22.

Schutz

R. W.

Gessaroli

M. E.

(1987) The analysis of repeated measures designs involving multiple dependent variables. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 58, 132–149.

23.

Wrisberg

C. A.

Anshel

M. H.

(1989) The effect of cognitive strategies on the free throw shooting performance of young athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 3, 95–104.