The modifications of human vocal fundamental frequency (fo) were studied in six emotional imitations of a sequence during normal and hypnotic conditions. In hypnosis the fundamental frequency was significantly lower than in the normal condition; in particular, in this altered state of consciousness two emotional imitations (angry and crying conditions) were significantly different with respect to the normal condition.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BányaiE. I.MészárosI.CsokayL. (1985) Interaction between hypnotist and subject: a social psychophysiological approach preliminary report. In WaxmanD.MisraP. C.GibsonM.BaskerM. A. (Eds.), Modern trends in hypnosis. New York: Plenum. Pp. 97–108.
2.
BordenG. J.HarrisK. S. (1984) Speech science primer: physiology, acoustics and perception of speech. London: William & Wilkins.
3.
BriggsG. C.NebesR. D. (1975) Patterns of hand preference in a student population. Cortex, 11, 230–238.
4.
CrawfordH. J.GruzelierJ. H. (1992) A midstream view of the neuropsychophysiology of hypnosis: recent research and future directions. In FrommE.NashM. R. (Eds.), Contemporary hypnosis research. New York: Guilford. Pp. 227–266.
5.
EricksonM. H.RossiE. L.RossiS. I. (1976) Hypnotic realities. New York: Irvington.
6.
FabbroF.GranB.BavaA. (1993) Hemispheric asymmetry for the auditory recognition of true and false statements. Neuropsychologia, 31, 865–870.
7.
GildstonP.GildstonH. (1992) Hypnotherapeutic intervention for voice disorders related to recurring iuvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 40, 74–87.
8.
GranoneF. (1989) Trattato di ipnosi. Torino: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese.
9.
KappasA.HessU.SchererK. R. (1991) Voice and emotion. In FeldmanR. S.RimeB. (Eds.), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univer. Press. Pp. 200–238.
10.
LaguaiteJ. (1976) The use of hypnosis with children with deviant voices. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 24, 98–104.
11.
NeelemanJ.MannA. H. (1993) Treatment of hysterical aphonia with hypnosis and prokalektic therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 816–819.
12.
RossE. D. (1981) The aprosodias: functional-anatomic organization of the affective components of language in the right hemisphere. Archives of Neurology, 38, 561–569.
13.
SawashimaM.HiroseH. (1983) Laryngeal gestures in speech production. In MacNeilageP. (Ed.), The production of speech. New York: Springer. Pp. 11–38.
14.
SchererK. R. (1986) Vocal affect expression: a review and a model for future research. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 143–165.
15.
ShapiroB. E.DanlyM. (1985) The role of the right hemisphere in the control of speech prosody in propositional and affective contexts. Brain and Language, 25, 19–36.
16.
Shipley-BrownF.DingwallW. O.BerlinC. I.Yeni-KomshianG.Gordon-SalantS. (1988) Hemispheric processing of affective and linguistic intonation contours in normal subjects. Brain and Language, 33, 16–26.
17.
Van BezooijenR. (1984) The characteristics and recognizability of vocal expressions of emotion. Dordrecht: Forts.
18.
WeitzenhofferA. M.HilgardE. R. (1962) Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. [Italian version by Organizzazioni Speciali, Firenze, 1993]