Sankyo, one of Aikido's strongest martial art techniques for peacefully subduing an attacker, produces pain in the hand, wrist, and forearm. Specific target muscles, tendons, and ligaments are identified through an investigation of Sankyo's expert application to two anatomists and a male cadaver.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aikido techniques compared. (1992, Winter a) [Interview with Kyoichi Inoue Sensei, Yoshinkan 8th Dan]Aiki News, 90, 27.
2.
Aikido techniques compared. (1992, Winter b) [Interview with Seiseki Abe Sensei, Aikikai 8th Dan]Aiki News, 90, 28.
3.
Aikido techniques compared. (1992, Winter c) [Interview with Yasuo Kobayashi Sensei, Aikikai 8th Dan]Aiki News, 90, 28.
4.
HancockH., & HigashiK. (1961) The complete Kano Jiu-Jitsu, Judo. New York: Dover.
5.
KotaniS.OsawaY., & HiroseY. (1968) Kata of Kodokan Judo. (Rev.) Kobe, Japan: Koyano Bussan Kaisha.
OlsonG. D., & SeitzF. C. (1990) An examination of Aikido's Fourth Teaching: an anatomical study of the tissues of the forearm. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71, 1059–1066.
8.
OlsonG. D., & SeitzF. C. (1993) An anatomical analysis of Aikido's Second Teaching: an investigation of Nikyo. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 77, 123–131.
9.
SaitoM. (1974) Traditional Aikido-sword stick body arts. Vol. 3. Tokyo: Minato.
10.
SaotomeM. (1989) The principles of Aikido. Boston, MA: Shambhala.
11.
SeitzF. C.OlsonG. D., & StenzelT. E. (1991) A martial arts exploration of elbow anatomy: Ikkyo (Aikido's First Teaching). Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73, 1227–1234.
12.
ShiodaG. (1977) Dynamic Aikido. New York: Kodansha.
13.
StevensJ. (1984) Aikido, the way of harmony. Boulder, CO: Shambhala.
14.
ToheiK. (1974) This is Aikido. San Francisco, CA: Japan Publ.
15.
UeshibaK. (1985) Aikido. Tokyo: Hozansha.
16.
WestbrookA., & RattiO. (1975) Aikido and the dynamic sphere. Tokyo: Tuttle.