A one-way multivariate analysis of variance of the responses of 122 students enrolled in primary Grades 2, 3, and 4, with an age range of 7 to 11 years, yielded significant differences in the mean reading and mathematics academic achievement scores associated with six balance skills.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ChissomB. S. (1970) An investigation of the relationship of motor coordination to academic achievement for first and third grade boys. Florida Journal of Educational Research, 12, 81–90.
2.
IsmailA.GruberJ. (1965) The predictive power of coordination and balance items in estimating intellectual achievement. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Psychology of Sport, Rome.
3.
IsmailA.KaneJ.KirkendallD. (1969) Relationships among intellectual and nonintellectual variables. Research Quarterly, 40, 83–92.
KirbyR. F. (1991) Kirby's guide to fitness and motor performance tests. Cape Girardeau, MO: Ben Oak.
6.
KirchnerG. (1971) Physical education for elementary school children. Dubuque, IA: Brown.
7.
KirkendallD.IsmailA. (1970) The discriminating power of non-intellectual variables among three discrete intellectual groups. In KenyonG.GroggT. (Eds.), Contemporary psychology of sport. Chicago, IL: The Athletic Institute.
8.
TempletonJ.JonesR. (1988) A study of the relationship between physical skills and achievement in listening comprehension, mathematics, and reading. (Report No. CS-009-431 Mississippi State Univer., Starkville, MS; ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 301 849)
9.
ThomasJ. R.LeeA. M.ThomasK. T. (1988) Physical education for children: Concepts into practice. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
