The following is a comment on the importance of the 1991 finding by I. L. Abraham of the unchanging nature of depressive symptoms over time: one concludes that such patients will not change unless major interventions, both pharmacologic or psychosocial, can be made.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbrahamI. L. (1991) The Geriatric Depression Scale and Hopelessness Index; longitudinal psychometric data on frail nursing home residents. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1991, 72, 875–880.
2.
AlexopoulosG. S. (1988) Psychosis and depression in the elderly. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 11, 101–115.
3.
AllenA.BlazerD. G. (1991) Mood disorders. In SadavoyJ.LazarusL. W.JarvikL. F. (Eds.), Comprehensive review of geriatric psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Pp. 337–352.
4.
American Psychiatric Association. (1988) Mental health of the elderly. Baltimore, MD: Author.
5.
NakraB. R.GrossbergG. T. (1990) Mood disorders. In BienenfeldD. (Ed.), Verwoerdt's clinical geropsychiatry. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins. Pp. 107–124.