25 fourth graders, 21 eighth graders, and 21 college students were shown slides of objects presented as (a) color photographs, (b) black-and-white photographs, (c) simple outline drawings, or (d) printed words. After an 8-wk. delay, students were asked to discriminate the study slides from similar distractor slides. No significant differences were found among the types of pictures. Recognition of black-and-white photographs was superior to words.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BorgesM. A.StepnowskyM. A., & HoltL. H. (1977) Recall and recognition of words and pictures by adults and children. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 9, 113–114.
2.
CoulterR. G.CoulterM. L., & GloverJ. A. (1984) Details and picture recall. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 327–329.
3.
DenisM. (1976) Test of the incidental-cues hypothesis. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 43, 175–178.
4.
LoftusG. R., & BellS. M. (1975) Two types of information in picture memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 104, 103–113.
5.
MadiganS. (1983) Picture memory. In YuilleJ. C. (Ed.), Imagery, memory and cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp. 65–89.
6.
MadiganS., & LawrenceV. (1980) Factors affecting item recovery and reminiscence in free recall. American Journal of Psychology, 93, 489–504.
7.
NelsonT. O.MetzlerJ., & ReedD. A. (1974) Role of details in the long-term recognition of pictures and verbal descriptions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 184–186.
8.
PaivioA.RogertsT. B., & SmytheP. C. (1968) Why are pictures easier to recall than words?Psychonomic Science, 11, 137–138.
9.
PeeckJ.Van DamG., & UhlenbeckR. W. F. (1977) Incidental cues and picture/word differences in recall. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 45, 1211–1215.
10.
PezdekK., & ChenH. (1982) Developmental differences in the role of detail in picture recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 33, 207–215.
11.
RitcheyG. H. (1982) Pictorial detail and recall in adults and children. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 8, 139–141.
12.
RitcheyG. H., & BealC. R. (1980) Image detail and recall: evidence for within-item elaboration. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 66–76.
13.
RockI.HalperF., & ClaytonT. (1972) The perception and recognition of complex figures. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 655–673.