Use of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Visually Impaired Athletes

Abstract

This report detailed the reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory when the test statements were presented verbally and in the traditional manner to undergraduates, 19 men and 17 women, who were physical education majors. In the standardized manner subjects read the statements silently to themselves; in the other administration statements were read aloud. The inventory then was administered twice verbally to 15 elite visually impaired women athletes. Both the state and trait subscales of this inventory are reliable if presented across or within modalities. The inventory, when presented verbally, might be appropriately used by visually impaired athletes in psychological preparation prior to competition.