Ganzfeld visual stimulation of varying hues and four levels of computer-assisted feedback were presented to 80 undergraduate students taking courses in general and experimental psychology. A 4 × 4 factorial design with repeated measures for studying psi hitting gave no significant differences in GESP scoring attributable to the independent variables or to interactions between them. Probability matching was suggested as a plausible description of psi-related phenomena with ‘synchronicity’ as their likely explanation.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
HonortonC.Psi and internal attention states: information retrieval in the Ganzfeld. In ShapinB. and ColyL. (Eds.), Psi and states of awareness. New York: Parapsychology Foundation, 1978. Pp. 79–100.
2.
KoestlerA.The roots of coincidence. New York: Random House, 1972.
3.
MacCorquodaleK., & MeehlP. E.On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables. Psychological Review, 1948, 55, 95–107.
4.
SargentC. L.BartlettH. J., & MossS. P.Response structure and temporal incline in Ganzfeld free-responding GESP testing. Journal of Parapsychology, 1982, 46, 85–110.
5.
SchaieK. W.Scaling the association between colors and mood tones. American Journal of Psychology, 1961, 74, 266–273.
6.
TartC. T.PalmerJ., & RedingtonD. J.Effects of immediate feedback on ESP performance: a second study. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1979, 73, 151–165.
7.
VitulliW. F.Effects of immediate feedback on computer-assisted testing of ESP performance. Psychological Reports, 1982, 51, 403–408.
8.
VitulliW. F.Immediate feedback and target-symbol variation in computer-assisted psi tests. Journal of Parapsychology, 1983, 47, 37–47.
