An unobtrusive observation technique was utilized to record the rule-violating behavior of 150 male golfers on a public golf course. The number of golfers in the group as well as the type and frequency of rule violations were recorded. An indirect measure of skill (i.e., the number of strokes) was also recorded for each golfer. Analysis indicated that 50% of the golfers violated at least one of the rules set forth by the USGA. There was a significant relationship between the number of golfers in the group and the number of rule violations, as there was between the skill of the golfer and the number of rule violations. Several possible interpretations of the rule-violating behavior were offered.
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