A pursuit tracking task is used as a vehicle to investigate the manner in which response consistency is affected by practice. Detailed examination of movement patterns shows that subjects can reproduce the mid-phase of a movement relatively consistently while the accelerative and decelerative phases of the movement remain highly variable. The findings are discussed with reference to Sparrow's 1983 concept of efficiency in conjunction with Norman and Shallice's 1980 model of automated action.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AdamsJ. A.The prediction of performance at advanced stages of training on a complex psychomotor task. USAF Human Resources Center Research Bulletin, 1953, No. 53-49.
2.
BurgettA. L.A study of the variability of human operator performance based on the cross-over model. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual NASA University Conferenence on Manual Control, 1970, NASA SP-215, 11–128.
3.
CrossmanE. R. F. W.A theory of the acquisition of speed skill. Ergonomics, 1959, 2, 153–166.
FleishmanE. A.A factor analysis of intra-task performance on two psychomotor tests. Psychometrika, 1953, 18, 45–55.
6.
FranksI. M.The rehearsal and learning of embedded movement sequences during a pursuit tracking task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1982, 55, 615–622.
7.
FranksI. M.WilbergR. B.The generation of movement patterns during the acquisition of a pursuit tracking task. Journal of Human Movement Science, 1982, 1, 251–272.
8.
FranksI. M.WilbergR. B.FishburneG.Consistency and error in motor performance. Journal of Human Movement Science, 1982, 1, 109–123.
9.
FuchsA. H.The progression-regression hypothesis in perceptual-motor skill learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1962, 63, 177–182.
10.
GlencrossD. J.Serial organization and timing in a motor skill. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1970, 2, 299–237.
11.
GlencrossD. J.Temporal organization in a repetitive speed skill. Ergonomics, 1973, 16, 765–776.
12.
GlencrossD. J.Output and response processes in skilled performance. In RobertsG. C.NewellK. M. (Eds.), Psychology of motor behavior and sports—1978. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1979. Pp. 157–173.
13.
HenryF. M.Reliability, measurement error, and intra-individual difference. Research Quarterly, 1959, 30, 21–24.
14.
HigginsJ. R.SpaethR. K.Relationship between consistency of movement and environmental conditions. Quest, 1972, 17, 60–69.
15.
JonesM. B.Practice as a process of simplification. Psychological Review, 1962, 69, 274–294.
16.
JonesM. B.A two-person theory of individual differences in motor learning. Psychological Review, 1970, 99, 353–360.
17.
LewisR. E. F.Consistency and car driving skill. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1956, 13, 131–141.
18.
LundervoldA.Electromyographic investigations during typewriting. Ergonomics, 1958, 1, 226–233.
19.
MarteniukR. G.MooreS.Characteristics of cognitive and motor processes in human motor skill acquisition. Paper presented at the Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sports Psychology, Edmonton, Alberta, October 1983.
20.
MarteniukR. G.RomanowS. K. E.Human movement organization and learning as revealed by variability of movement, use of kinematic information and Fourier analysis. In MagillR. A. (Ed.), Memory and control of action. New York: North-Holland Press, 1983. Pp. 167–198.
21.
NormanD. A.ShalliceT.Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior. Center for Human Information Processing Report, CHIP, 99, University of California, San Diego, 1980.
22.
NorrieM. L.Practice effects on reaction latency for simple and complex movements. Research Quarterly, 1967, 38, 79–85.
23.
PersonR. S.An electromyographic investigation on coordination of the activity of antogonist muscles in man during the development of a motor habit. Pavlovian Journal of Higher Nervous Activity, 1958, 8, 13–23.
24.
PewR. W.Human-perceptual-motor performance. In KantowitzB. (Ed.), Human information processing: Tutorials in performance and cognition. Potomac, MD: LEA Publ., 1974.
25.
PoultonE. C.Tracking skill and manual control. New York: Academic Press, 1974.
26.
SchmidtR. A.ZelaznikH.HawkinsB.FrankJ. S.QuinnJ. T.Jr.Motor-output variability: A theory for the accuracy of rapid motor acts. Psychological Review, 1979, 86, 415–451.
27.
SparrowW. A.The efficiency of skilled performance. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1983, 15, 237–261.
28.
TyldesleyD.WhitingH. T. A.Operational timing. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 1975, 1, 172–177.