Research on the control and maintenance of exercise by chronic schizophrenics has been relatively neglected, despite widespread knowledge of the adverse consequences of sedentary living. The present study evaluated the effects of simple contingency-management procedures designed to encourage exercising by two psychotic residents living in a sheltered group home. For both subjects, the ABAB experimental analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of the intervention. Improved levels of exercise were maintained at follow-up and the contingency-management system was implemented as a regular part of the group home's rehabilitation program for all residents.
AtthoweJ. S.Jr.KrasnerL.A preliminary report on the application of contingent reinforcement procedures (token economy on a “chronic” psychiatric ward). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1968, 73, 37–43.
3.
AyllonT.AzrinN. H.The measurement and reinforcement of behavior of psychotics. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1965, 8, 357–383.
4.
CollingwoodT. R.WillettL.The effects of physical training upon self-concept and body attitudes. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1971, 27, 411–412.
5.
DukeM.JohnsonT. O.NowickiS.Effects of sports fitness camp experience on locus of control orientation in children, ages 6 to 14. Research Quarterly, 1977, 48, 280–283.
6.
EpsteinL. H.WingR. R.ThompsonJ. K.GriffinW.Attendance and fitness in aerobics exercise: The effects of contract and lottery procedures. Behavior Modification, 1980, 4, 465–479.
7.
FolkinsC. H.Effects of physical training on mood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1976, 32, 385–387.
8.
GriestJ. H.KleinM. H.EischensR. R.FausJ. W.GurmanA. S.MorganW. P.Running as treatment for depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1979, 20, 41–54.
9.
HeapsR.Relating physical and psychological fitness: A psychological point of view. Journal of Sports Medicine, 1978, 18, 339–406.
10.
HersenM.BarlowD. H.Single case experimental designs: Strategies for studying behavior change. New York: Pergamon, 1976.
11.
KauM.FischerJ.Self-modification of exercise behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1975, 5, 213–214.
12.
LambD. R.Physiology of exercise: Responses and adaptations. New York: Macmillan, 1978.
13.
LeerF.Running as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Social Work, 1980, 25, 20–25.
14.
LibbJ. W.ClementsC. B.Token reinforcement in an exercise program for hospitalized geriatric patients. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1969, 28, 957–958.
15.
McArdleW. D.KatchF. I.KatchV. L.Exercise physiology: Energy, nutrition, and human performance. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1981.
16.
MorganW. P.HorstmanO. H.Anxiety reduction following acute physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports, 1976, 8, 62. (Abstract).
17.
NelsonG. L.ConeJ. D.Multiple-baseline analysis of a token economy for psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1979, 12, 255–271.
SchraaJ. C.LautmannL.ScrevenC. G.Increasing appropriate speech in a chronic schizophrenic. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1979, 12, 302.
20.
TurnerR. D.PoolyS.ShermanA. R.A behavioral approach to individualized exercise programming. In KrumboltzJ. D.ThoresonC. E. (Eds.), Counseling methods. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1976. Pp. 349–359.
21.
WysockiT.HallG.IwataB.RiordanM.Behavioral management of exercise: Contracting for aerobic points. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1979, 12, 55–64.
