Exp. I investigated three recurring problems in electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback research. (1) Pre-knowledge that research involved biofeedback resulted in a selective bias on the part of students asked to volunteer as subjects. (2) EMG readings were not affected by repeated use of the word relax in verbal instructions. (3) The forearm extensor was the only muscle group which showed a statistically significant effect after one 20-min. training session. Exp. II challenged and clarified results of Exp. I and concluded the study with an empirically derived laboratory model for EMG biofeedback research.
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