Two factor analyses of 11 semantic and 13 direct ratings performed by 19 subjects for 13 verbs describing expressions of amusement yielded two connotative factors (Pleasure, Kindness) and three denotative factors (Laughter, Smiling, Covert Amusement). Data were interpreted in terms of standard semantic factors and with reference to theories stressing the phylogenetically diverse origins of smiling and laughter.
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