In 1980 Fine asserted that in all rod-and-frame studies, frame tilt has been experimenter-defined. This claim is unwarranted. Attempts to manipulate rod-and-frame illusions by setting observers to see identical frames as squares or diamonds are discussed, as are the difficulties of interpreting the obtained data.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BehH. G.WenderothP.PurcellA. T.The angular function of the rod-and-frame illusion. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 9, 353–355.
2.
FineB. J.Announcing the great frame-tilt judging contest. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1980, 50, 661–662.
3.
FineB. J.DanforthA. V.Field-dependence, extraversion and perception of the vertical: empirical and theoretical perspectives of the rod-and-frame test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1975, 40, 683–693.
4.
GibsonJ. J.RadnerM.Adaptation, aftereffect, and contrast in the perception of tilted lines: 1. Quantitative studies. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1937, 20, 453–467.
5.
GoodenoughD. R.An entry in the great frame-tilt judging contest. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1981, 52, 43–46.
6.
HowardI. P.Human visual orientation. New York: Wiley, in press.
7.
JenkinsB.RossJ.McCollough effect depends upon perceived organization. Perception, 1977, 6, 399–400.
8.
MeyerG. E.ShermanR. K.Reversible figures and the motion aftereffect. Vision Research, 1981, 21, 361–363.
9.
O'TooleB.WenderothP.The tilt illusion: repulsion and attraction effects in the oblique meridian. Vision Research, 1977, 17, 367–374.
10.
WenderothP.An analysis of the rod-and-frame illusion and its variants. In DayR. H.StanleyG. J. (Eds.), Studies in perception. Perth: Univer. of Western Australia Press, 1977.
11.
WenderothP.BehH.Component analysis of orientation illusions. Perception, 1977, 6, 57–75.
12.
WenderothP.ParkinsonA.WhiteD.A comparison of visual tilt illusions measured by the techniques of vertical setting, parallel matching and dot alignment. Perception, 1979, 8, 47–57.
13.
WitkinH. A.AschS. E.Studies in space orientation: IV. Further experiments on perception of the upright with displaced visual fields. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1948, 38, 762–782.
