7 male and 7 female college students made estimations of 15-sec. intervals in conditions of dark, low and high ambient illumination. Analysis of variance showed significant effects of illumination and illumination by sex. Increased light levels shortened time estimation except for males under high light intensity. Results are discussed in terms of arousal theory and the relevance of these factors in research on time estimation.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BaldwinR.ThorD., & WrightD.Sex differences in the sense of time: Failure to replicate a 1904 study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1966, 22, 398.
2.
CarlsonV., & FeinbergI.Time judgment as a function of method, practice, and sex. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1970, 85, 171–180.
3.
GoldstoneS.Variability of temporal judgment: Intersensory comparisons and sex differences. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1968, 26, 211–215.
4.
GreenbergR., & KurzR.Influence of type of stressor and sex of subject on time estimation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1968, 26, 899–903.
5.
HornsteinA., & RotterG.Research methodology in temporal perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1969, 79, 561–564.
6.
IsaacW.Arousal and reaction times in cats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1960, 53, 234–236.
7.
IsaacW.The influence of illumination upon the temporal patterning of responses in squirrel and owl monkeys. Psychonomic Science, 1969, 14, 243–244.
8.
IsaacW.De DevitoJ. L.Effect of sensory stimulation on the activity of normal and prefrontal-lobectomized monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1958, 51, 172–174.
KallmanW. M., & IsaacW.Altering arousal in humans by varying ambient sensory conditions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1977, 44, 19–22.
11.
RoeckeleinJ. E.Sex differences in time estimation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1972, 35, 859–862.
12.
SmytheE., & GoldstoneS.The time sense: A normative genetic study of the development of time perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1957, 7, 49–59.
13.
StarzlT. E.TaylorC. W., & MagounH. W.Collateral afferent excitation of reticular formation of brain stem. Journal of Neurophysiology, 1951, 14, 479–496.
14.
StinnetteM. J., & IsaacW.Behavioral effects of d-amphetamine and caffeine in the squirrel monkey. European Journal of Pharmacology, 1975, 30, 268–271.
15.
ZelkindI.Factors in time estimation and a case for the internal clock. Journal of General Psychology, 1973, 88, 295–301.
