Measures of locus of control and self-esteem were gathered from 20 competitive age-group swimmers aged 7 to 17 yr. These young athletes were more internal than their non-athletic contemporaries. Also, on self-esteem the competitive swimmers were significantly elevated.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
NowickiS.StricklandB. R.A locus of control scale for children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1973, 40, 148–155.
2.
RosenbergM.Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton Univer. Press, 1965.
3.
RotterJ. B.Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 1966, 80, No. 1 (Whole No. 609).
4.
RotterJ. B.Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal vs external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1975, 43, 56–67.
