20 male, alcohol-discordant twin pairs, aged 45 to 65 yr. were compared for field-dependent cognitive style and general intelligence by means of one-sample t and multivariate Td2-tests. The high alcohol group was more field-dependent (p < .01) than the low alcohol group, mainly because of poorer scores on the Embedded-figures Test. When general intelligence was controlled for, the amount of embedded-figures variance accounted for by consumption of alcohol dropped considerably.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ArbuthnotJ.Cautionary note on measurement of field independence. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1972, 35, 479–488.
2.
BaileyW.HustmyerF.KristoffersonA.Alcoholism, brain damage and perceptual dependence. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1961, 22, 387–393.
3.
BergmanH.Cognitive style and intellectual performance of alcoholics and neurotics with a test of Karp, et al.'s predisposition hypothesis. Reports from the Psychological Laboratories, University of Stockholm, 1974, No. 424.
4.
BergmanH.ÅgrenG.Cognitive style and intellectual performance in relation to the progress of alcoholism. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1974, 35, 1242–1255.
5.
BergmanH.BergmanI.Two methodological studies of a modified Rod-and-frame Test. Reports from the Psychological Laboratories, University of Stockholm, 1973, No. 404.
6.
Cruz-CokeR.Association of color blindness with alcoholism. In IsraelY.MardonesJ. (Eds.), Biological basis of alcoholism. New York: Wiley, 1971. Pp. 343–348.
JacksonD. N.A short form of Witkin's Embedded-figures Test. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1956, 53, 254–255.
9.
KarpS. A.WitkinH. A.GoodenoughD. R.Alcoholism and psychological differentiation: Effect of achievement of sobriety on field dependence. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1965, 26, 580–585.
10.
MyrhedM.Alcohol consumption in relation to factors associated with ischemic heart disease: A co-twin control study. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1974, Suppl. 567.
11.
PartanenJ.BruunK.MarkkanenT.Inheritance of drinking behavior: A study of intelligence, personality, and use of alcohol by adult twins. Helsinki: The Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, 1966.
12.
TatsuokaM. M.Multivariate analysis: Techniques of educational and psychological research. New York: Wiley, 1971.
13.
WinestineM. C.Twinship and psychological differentiation. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1969, 8, 436–455.
14.
WitkinH. A.Social influences in the development of cognitive style. In GoslinD. A. (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research. Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1969. Pp. 687–706.
15.
WitkinH. A.DykR. B.FatersonH. F.GoodenoughD. R.KarpS. A.Psychological differentiation: Studies of development. New York: Wiley, 1962.
16.
WitkinH. A.LewisH. B.HertzmanM.MachoverK.MeissnerP. B.WapnerS.Personality through perception. New York: Harper, 1954.