20 profoundly retarded children (4 to 12 yr.) were trained, using a variety of relaxation and tension activities designed to help them differentiate and gain control of the toileting musculature. Operant techniques were used to reinforce appropriate urination. The post-training scores of the experimental and control groups differed significantly for both accidental and appropriate urination.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AzrinN. H., & FoxxR. M.A rapid method of toilet training the institutionalized retarded. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1971, 4, 88–89.
2.
BaumeisterA., & KlosowskiR.An attempt to group train severely retarded patients. Mental Retardation, 1965, 3, 24–26.
3.
DayanM.Toilet training retarded children in a state residential institution. Mental Retardation, 1964, 2, 116–117.
4.
EllisN.Toilet training the severely defective patient: an S-R reinforcement analysis. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1963, 68, 98–103.
5.
GilesD. K., & WolfM. W.Toilet training institutionalized, severe retardates: an application of operant behavior modification techniques. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1966, 70, 766–780.
6.
HundziakM.MaurerR., & WatsonL.Operant conditioning in toilet training of severely mentally retarded boys. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1965, 70, 120–124.
7.
JacobsonE.Progressive relaxation. Chicago, Ill.: Univer. of Chicago Press, 1929.
KephartN. C.The slow learner in the classroom. (2nd ed.) Columbus, Ohio: Merrill, 1971.
10.
MahoneyK.Van WagenenR. K., & MeyersonL.Toilet training of normal and retarded children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1971, 4, 173–181.
11.
SiegelS.Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.
12.
Van WagenenR. K.MeyersonL.KerrU., & MahoneyK.Field trials of a new procedure for toilet training. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1969, 8, 147–159.
