340 undergraduate students were asked to draw three circles representing the past, present, and the future. Temporal dominance was measured by the size of the circles, temporal relatedness was indicated by whether the circles were not separated in space. Non-smokers tended to draw circles that were future dominant and temporally related.
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References
1.
CottleT. J.The circles test: An investigation of perception of temporal relatedness and dominance. Journal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment, 1967, 31, 58–71.
