Gibson, Pick, Osser, and Hammond (1962) found that a spelling-to-sound correlation increased the probability of visually perceiving wordlike over nonword-like strings of letters. Their words were scaled for effort of sub-vocalization to test the hypotheses that: (a) more work is required in the vocalization of nonword-like strings, and (b) the number of correct reproductions found by Gibson, et al. would correlate significantly with mean scale values of effort ratings of both types of words. Both hypotheses remain tenable, with scale values of effort accounting for 52% of the variance of the reproduction scores.
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