Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Although there are many reported sex differences in cognitive style, there has been no examination of the sex of the rater as a possible source of error in the clinical diagnosis of organic brain damage. In the present study, 4 male and 4 female Ph.D. clinical psychologists (Raters) judged the unidentified Bender-Gestalt and Memory-for-Designs protocols of 15 male and 15 female neuropsychiatric patient-Ss. Judgments of both male and female Raters correlated highly with objective scoring of the same protocols. However, the females found significantly more organicity than the males. The relative agreements of ratings of both tests with a medical criterion of organicity are discussed in terms of the two currently opposing schools of thought.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Anglin

Pullen

, & Games

Comparison of two tests of brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1965, 20, 977–980.

Bayley

Behavioral correlates of mental growth. American Psychologist, 1968, 23, 1–17.

Billingslea

F. Y.

The Bender-Gestalt: a review and a perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 1963, 60, 233–251.

Brilliant

P. J.

, & Gynther

M. D.

Relationships between performance on three tests for organicity and selected patient variables. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1963, 27, 474–479.

Garron

D. C.

, & Cheifetz

D. I.

Comment on “Bender Gestalt discernment of organic pathology.”

Psychological Bulletin, 1965, 63, 197–200.

Graham

F. K.

, & Kendall

B. S.

Memory-for-Designs Test: revised general manual. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1960, 11, 147–188. (Monograph Suppl. 2-V11)

Kagan

Developmental studies in reflection and analysis. In Kidd

A. H.

& Rivoire

J. I.

(Eds.), Perceptual development in children. New York: International Univer. Press, 1966. Pp. 487–524.

Pascal

G. R.

, & Suttell

The Bender-Gestalt test. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1951.

Reitan

R. M.

Psychological deficit. Annual Review of Psychology, 1962, 13, 414–444.

10.

Rosenthal

Experimenter outcome orientation and the results of the psychological experiment. Psychological Bulletin, 1964, 61, 405–412.

11.

Rosenthal

Experimenter effects in behavioral research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966.

12.

Tolor

, & Schulberg

H. C.

An evaluation of the Bender-Gestalt test. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas, 1963.

13.

Winer

B. J.

Statistical principles in experimental design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.

14.

Witkin

H. A.

Dyk

R. B.

Faterson

H. F.

Goodenough

D. R.

, & Karp

S. A.

Psychological differentiation. New York: Wiley, 1962.

15.

Yates

A. J.

Psychological deficit. Annual Review of Psychology, 1966, 17, 111–114.

Sex-of-Rater Bias in Clinical Diagnosis of Organic Brain Damage Using the Bender-Gestalt and Memory-for-Designs Tests

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References