The present study examined the claim that an inverse relationship exists between the perception of movement and the production of motor activity. Since studies of motor activity and of perceived movement indicated that each is multidimensional in character, it was hypothesized, and the results obtained confirmed the fact, that no such inverse relationship exists. It was concluded that no simple inter-relational concept such as proposed by Herman Rorschach and by the Werner-Wapner sensory-tonic theory can be used as the basis for examining complex sensory and sensory-motor interactions.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BaughmanE. E.The role of the stimulus in Rorschach responses. Psychol. Bull., 1958, 55, 121–147.
2.
BirchH. G., & BelmontI.Functional levels of disturbance manifested by braindamaged (hemiplegic) patients as revealed in Rorschach responses. J. nerv. ment. Dis., 1961, 132, 410–416.
DuremanI., & SaeldeH.The question of a possible correlation between visual autokinesis and the amount of human movement responses in the Rorschach test. Acta. Soc. Med. Upsal., 1957, 61, 275–279.
5.
FinkM.PollackM.KleinD. F.BlumbergA. G.BelmontI.KarpE.KramerJ. C., & WillnerA.Comparative studies of chlorpromazine and imipramine: I. Drug discriminating patterns. In BradleyP. (Ed.), Neuropsychopharmacology. Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier, in press.
6.
FleishmanE. A.Psychomotor tests in drug research. In UhrL. & MillerJ. G. (Eds.), Drugs and behavior. New York: Wiley, 1960. Pp. 273–296.
7.
GoldmanA. E., & HermanJ. L.Studies in vicariousness: the effect of immobilization on Rorschach movement responses. J. proj. Tech., 1961, 25, 164–165.
8.
GuilfordJ. P.Fundamental statistics in psychology and education. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.
9.
HurwitzI.A developmental study of the relationship between motor activity and perceptual processes as measured by the Rorschach test. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Clark Univer., 1954.
10.
KingH. E.Relation between fine and gross psychomotor movement in schizophrenia. AMA Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 1958, 79, 427–433.
11.
KleinG. S., & SchlesingerH. J.Perceptual attitudes toward instability: prediction of apparent movement experiences from Rorschach responses. J. Pers., 1951, 19, 289–302.
12.
KlopferB.AinsworthM. D.KlopferW. G., & HoltR. R.Developments in the Rorschach technique. Vol. 1. Technique and theory. Yonkers-on-Hudson: World Book, 1959.
13.
LitwinD.Sensory-tonic theory as related to the development of inhibition and social maturity. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York Univer., 1957.
14.
LorrM.Relations between the intraclass correlation and the Kuder-Richardson reliability formulas. J. clin. Psychol., 1960, 16, 447–450.
15.
LorrM.JenkinsR. L., & HolsoppleJ. Q.Multidimensional Scale for Rating Psychiatric Patients, Hospital Form. Washington, D. C.: Veterans Administration, 1953. (V. A. Tech. Bull. No. 10-507)
16.
LorrM.O'ConnorJ. D., & StaffordJ. W.The psychotic reaction profile. J. clin. Psychol., 1960, 16, 241–245.
17.
MeltzoffJ.SingerJ. L., & KorchinS. J.Motor inhibition and Rorschach movement responses: a test of the sensory-tonic theory. J. Pers., 1953, 21, 400–410.
18.
NeelA. F.Inhibition and perception of movement on the Rorschach. J. consult. Psychol., 1960, 24, 224–230.
19.
PollackM.KarpE.BelmontI.WillnerA.KleinD. F., & FinkM.Comparative studies of chlorpromazine and imipramine: II. Psychological performance profiles. In BradleyP. (Ed.), Neuropsychopharmacology. Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier, in press.
20.
RorschachH.Psychodiagnostics. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1942.
21.
RosenthalM.Some behavioral correlates of the Rorschach experience-balance. J. proj. Tech., 1962, 26, 442–446.
22.
SeashoreR. H.Work and motor performance. In StevensS. S. (Ed.), Handbook of experimental psychology. New York: Wiley, 1951. Pp. 1341–1362.
23.
SeashoreR. H.BuxtonC. E., & McCollomI. N.Multiple factorial analysis of fine motor skills. Amer. J. Psychol., 1940, 53, 251–259.
24.
SingerJ. L.The experience type: some behavioral correlates and theoretical implications. In Rickers-OvsiankinaM. (Ed.), Rorschach psychology. New York: Wiley, 1960. Pp. 223–262.
25.
SingerJ. L., & HermanJ.Motor and fantasy correlates of Rorschach human movement responses. J. consult. Psychol., 1954, 18, 325–331.
26.
SingerJ. L.MeltzoffJ., & GoldmanG. D.Rorschach movement responses following motor inhibition and hyperactivity. J. consult. Psychol., 1952, 16, 359–364.
27.
SingerJ. L., & SpohnH. E.Some behavioral correlates of Rorschach's experience type. J. consult. Psychol., 1954, 18, 1–9.
28.
SingerJ. L.WilenskyH., & McCravenV.Delaying capacity, fantasy, and planning ability: a factorial study of some basic ego functions. J. consult. Psychol., 1956, 20, 375–383.
29.
SpivackG.LevineM.FuschilloJ., & TavernierA.Rorschach movement responses and inhibition processes in adolescents. J. proj. Tech., 1959, 23, 462–466.
WernerH., & WapnerS.The non-projective aspects of the Rorschach experiment: II. Organismic theory and perceptual response. J. soc. Psychol., 1956, 44, 193–198.
32.
WolfensbergerW. P.MillerM. B.FosbeeJ. G., & CromwellR. L.Rorschach correlates of activity level in high school children. J. consult. Psychol., 1962, 26, 269–272.
